The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0: An Analysis of Industry Self-regulation

Easton, Catherine

doi:10.1093/ijlit/eaq015

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Although W3C considers that the web content developers' technical capabilities are one of the issues related to the amount of accessibility faults, these same developers claim that this issue is mainly due to the difficulty in interpretation/ implementation of the existent regulations and due to the high level of difficulty in using not only the available test tools but also the existent development tools that consider web accessibility features (Trewin et al 2010). Accessibility has therefore to be looked at with its deserved care and attention and, to this end, the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was launched as an organized effort to tackle this issue (W3C 2008a;Shneiderman and Hochheiser 2001;Easton 2011).…”

Section: Contextual Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterprise Web Accessibility Levels Amongst the Forbes 250: Where Art Thou O Virtuous Leader?

et al. 2012

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The research team measured the enterprise web accessibility levels of the Forbes 250 largest enterprises using the fully automatic accessibility evaluation tool Sortsite, and presented the compliance of the evaluated websites to WCAG 1.0, WCAG 2.0 and Section 508 accessibility levels. Given the recent attention to organizational leaders having ethical duties towards their dedicated employees, we propose that 'societal citizenship behaviour' concerns ethical duties of organizational leaders towards society in general and in particular to those who have less means to assert their needs. In effect, we found enterprise website accessibility levels to be in need of significant improvement. An interpretation of a positive path forward to better enterprise website accessibility levels is put forth based on a focus-group interaction and using BNML-a novel Business Narrative Modelling Language.

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Section: Contextual Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterprise Web Accessibility Levels Amongst the Forbes 250: Where Art Thou O Virtuous Leader?

et al. 2012

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“…In the coming years, it may be that amending the ADA, revising its implementing regulations, and seizing the opportunity to modify the Access Board's Section 508 refresh, are among actions required to ensure that web content equality is a right available to all people with disabilities, including those with cognitive conditions (Easton, 2010;Stock, Davies, Wehmeyer, & Lachapelle, 2011). Nonetheless, eQuality-the full and equal enjoyment of the web-for persons with cognitive 25 th disabilities is on the horizon at this anniversary of the ADA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

eQuality: Web Accessibility by People With Cognitive Disabilities

Blanck

2015

Inclusion

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eQuality: The Struggle for Web Accessibility by Persons With Cognitive Disabilities (Blanck, 2014a) examines the right under the Americans with Disabilities Act to web access for people with cognitive disabilities (intellectual and developmental disabilities, autism, traumatic brain injury, and other conditions). This article continues that line of study examining the full and equal enjoyment (accessibility and usability) of web content by people with cognitive disabilities. I consider definitions, legal challenges, and rights that are discussed more fully in eQuality, and I reflect on new disability law and policy developments in the United States (e.g., Section 508 refresh and web equality case law) and internationally (e.g., developments in CRPD Articles 9 and 12, and European standardization efforts) since eQuality was published.

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“…As already noted by Easton [40], the main self-regulatory body in relation to access to the Internet is the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), an international consortium where member organizations, full-time staff, and the public work in tandem to pursue its objectives. There are several web accessibility organizations, different stakeholders, and research centers involved, as well as private companies and bug-tech multinationals such as Adobe, IBM, Google, Microsoft.…”

Section: Web Accessibility and Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Web Accessibility for People with Disabilities in the European Union: Paving the Road to Social Inclusion

Ferri

Favalli

2018

Societies

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Despite the drawbacks and the challenges highlighted by several scholars, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), in particular the World Wide Web, has the potential to foster social inclusion of people with disabilities. The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), which entered into force in 2008, has illuminated the role technology can play as a tool to promote the human rights of people with disabilities, and their participation and inclusion in society. The UNCRPD has also conceptualized ICT accessibility as a precondition for the enjoyment of rights, prompting a series of reforms in domestic legal frameworks globally and in the European Union (EU). Against this background, this article aims to address the role played by the EU in fostering "digital inclusion", and critically evaluates relevant EU policies and legal rules, locating them within the broader realm of the implementation of the UNCRPD. It pays particular attention to Directive 2016/2102 on the accessibility of the websites and mobile applications of public sector bodies, as well as on the proposal for a European Accessibility Act (EAA). It attempts to show that, while the EU has thus far played an extremely important role in fostering web accessibility, many remaining obstacles must be eradicated to fully ensure access to the web to people with disabilities. This article adopts a doctrinal legal research methodology and is primarily concerned with the analysis of relevant legal rules and related scholarship. In addition, it is informed by a socially-oriented understanding of disability and builds upon the multifaceted and multidisciplinary literature on disability and technology.

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The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0: An Analysis of Industry Self-regulation

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Enterprise Web Accessibility Levels Amongst the Forbes 250: Where Art Thou O Virtuous Leader?

Enterprise Web Accessibility Levels Amongst the Forbes 250: Where Art Thou O Virtuous Leader?

eQuality: Web Accessibility by People With Cognitive Disabilities

Web Accessibility for People with Disabilities in the European Union: Paving the Road to Social Inclusion

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