The weekend effect within and downwind of Sacramento – Part 1: Observations of ozone, nitrogen oxides, and VOC reactivity

Murphy, J. G.; Day, Douglas A.; Cleary, Patricia A.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Millet, Dylan B.; Goldstein, Allen H.; Cohen, R. C.

doi:10.5194/acp-7-5327-2007

Cited by 166 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…We compute P O 3 with an analytical model similar to that described by Murphy et al (2007) and Farmer et al (2011). We summarize our specific formulation here.…”

Section: Analytical Model Of P Omentioning

confidence: 99%

On the temperature dependence of organic reactivity, nitrogen oxides, ozone production, and the impact of emission controls in San Joaquin Valley, California

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The San Joaquin Valley (SJV) experiences some of the worst ozone air quality in the US, frequently exceeding the California 8 h standard of 70.4 ppb. To improve our understanding of trends in the number of ozone violations in the SJV, we analyze observed relationships between organic reactivity, nitrogen oxides (NO x ), and daily maximum temperature in the southern SJV using measurements made as part of California at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change in 2010 (CalNex-SJV). We find the daytime speciated organic reactivity with respect to OH during CalNex-SJV has a temperature-independent portion with molecules typically associated with motor vehicles being the major component.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. S. E. Pusede et al.: Temperature-dependent impacts of emission controlsAt high temperatures, characteristic of days with high ozone, the largest portion of the total organic reactivity increases exponentially with temperature and is dominated by small, oxygenated organics and molecules that are unidentified. We use this simple temperature classification to consider changes in organic emissions over the last and next decade. With the CalNex-SJV observations as constraints, we examine the sensitivity of ozone production (P O 3 ) to future NO x and organic reactivity controls. We find that P O 3 is NO x -limited at all temperatures on weekends and on weekdays when daily maximum temperatures are greater than 29 • C. As a consequence, NO x reductions are the most effective control option for reducing the frequency of future ozone violations in the southern SJV.

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“…We compute P O 3 with an analytical model similar to that described by Murphy et al (2007) and Farmer et al (2011). We summarize our specific formulation here.…”

Section: Analytical Model Of P Omentioning

confidence: 99%

On the temperature dependence of organic reactivity, nitrogen oxides, ozone production, and the impact of emission controls in San Joaquin Valley, California

et al. 2014

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“…For ozone, the daily maximum 8 h average is typically used and is a policy-relevant quantity (Qin et al, 2004;Murphy et al, 2007). This methodology has been successfully proven in a variety of photochemical environments when used to determine the weekday-weekend differences (Heuss et al, 2003).…”

Section: Assessment Of the Weekend/weekday Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The weekly pattern of air pollutants is of general interest, and studies have been carried out in North America (Blanchard and Tanenbaum, 2003;Pun et al, 2003;Murphy et al, 2007;Koo et al, 2012), Europe (Brönnimann and Neu, 1997;Pont and Fontan, 2001;Jenkin et al, 2002 Paschalidou andKassomenos, 2004), Mexico (Stephens et al, 2008), Japan (Sadanaga et al, 2012), India (Debaje and Kakade, 2006;Pudasainee et al, 2010;Srimuruganandam and Nagendra, 2011) and Egypt (Khoder et al, 2009). Some of these studies analysed the influence of meteorological parameters, such as temperature and radiation, on the occurrence of the weekend effect (Brönnimann and Neu, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weekend-Weekday Effect Assessment for O3, NOx, CO and PM10 in Andalusia, Spain (2003-2008)

Adame

Hernández-Ceballos

Sorribas

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Day-of-week variations in O 3 , NO x , CO and PM 10 were analysed in the southwestern region of Europe (specifically Andalusia, Spain) using hourly concentrations collected at 43 stations (representing five typologies) over 6 years (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008). This area has air pollution problems, and the study of the weekend effect is used as a tool to plan future strategies for emissions reductions. Maximum daily 8 h averages for O 3 , daily 90 th percentiles for NO, NO 2 and PM 10 and mean daily values for CO were calculated and used to assess the weekend effect by applying three different metrics: weekly evolution, weekend-weekday differences and average daily difference between weekends minus workdays. Based on daily parameters and weekend-weekday differences, all the measured air pollutants exhibited clearly reduced concentrations (oscillating between 25 to 85%) on weekends, mainly at urban and suburban stations, with the exception of O 3 (less than 10 µg/m 3 ). This decrease on weekend days was mostly observed for NO, NO 2 and PM 10 at urban stations, while differences at industrial and rural stations were low or null. CO showed a low reduction. Using the daily cycle of differences (weekend minus workdays) as a reference, positive deviations were observed at night and negative differences were observed during the daytime for NO, NO 2 and PM 10 at urban traffic, urban background and suburban background sites. A reduction in morning rush hour traffic during the weekends was reflected in the data from urban stations, which showed a decrease of up to 50, 15 and 12 µg/m 3 for NO, NO 2 and PM 10 , respectively. An opposite daily behaviour was found for ozone, which showed an increase at urban area sites of up to 15 µg/m 3 in the early morning.

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“…Both a spatial structure of the ozone weekend effect related to distance from the source area, as described by Blanchard and Fairley (2001) and Murphy et al (2006), and systematic changes in the weekend difference in relation to meteorological conditions, as reported by Brönnimann and Neu (1997) and Paschalidou and Kassomenos (2004), are apparent in Figs. 2 and 3.…”

Section: Reversals Of the Ozone Weekend Effectmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…First, a spatial reversal of the OWE, from a weekend increase near the precursor source area to a weekend decrease in downwind rural areas, has been reported (Blanchard and Fairley, 2001;Murphy et al, 2006Murphy et al, , 2007. Second, a temporal reversal of the OWE may occur at a single observation point, depending on the meteorological conditions: a weekend increase under relatively unsuitable meteorological conditions for ozone formation reverses to a weekend decrease under more suitable conditions (higher solar intensity and higher temperatures) (Brönnimann and Neu, 1997;Paschalidou and Kassomenos, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical implication of reversals of the ozone weekend effect systematically observed in Japan

Kannari

Ohara

2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Systematic changes of the ozone weekend effect are found over broad areas of Japan. These changes are characterized by (1) spatial reversals from a weekend increase in the vicinity of huge precursor source areas to a weekend decrease in the surrounding rural areas, and (2) temporal reversals from a weekend increase under relatively unsuitable meteorological conditions for ozone formation to a weekend decrease under relatively suitable conditions. We developed a simple numerical advection-reaction model to explain the relationship between the duration of advection and the supplied solar energy, which causes the daily maximum ozone concentration to be lower near the precursor source. Ozone isopleth diagrams for individual advection durations (equivalent to the distance from the source) for a wide range of initial precursor conditions show that both VOC-limited and NO x -limited regimes exist for each advection duration, but the area of NO x -limited regime becomes dominant as the advection duration increases because of the increased exposure of the air mass to solar energy. For given initial VOC and NO x concentrations, the area remote from the source becomes a NO x -limited regime even if the precursor source area is in the VOC-limited regime. The rate of reduction of weekend emissions of NO x is larger than that of VOC, causing a weekend increase in ozone inside an area of VOClimited regime near the source, but a weekend decrease in remote areas with a NO x -limited regime. The boundary between these two ozone formation regimes depends on meteorological conditions: when sunlight intensity and temperature are relatively low, the change from a VOC-limited to a NO x -limited regime occurs at a point more remote from the source than when they are relatively high, which causes a prevailing ozone weekend increase over a wide geographical area on days with lower ozone potential. Therefore, obserCorrespondence to: A. Kannari (kannari.akiyoshi@circus.ocn.ne.jp) vations of ozone weekend changes can be interpreted in light of the theoretical implications of our model; they can be used for determination of ozone formation regimes, which change in different locations and under different meteorological conditions.

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The weekend effect within and downwind of Sacramento – Part 1: Observations of ozone, nitrogen oxides, and VOC reactivity

Cited by 166 publications

References 45 publications

On the temperature dependence of organic reactivity, nitrogen oxides, ozone production, and the impact of emission controls in San Joaquin Valley, California

On the temperature dependence of organic reactivity, nitrogen oxides, ozone production, and the impact of emission controls in San Joaquin Valley, California

Weekend-Weekday Effect Assessment for O3, NOx, CO and PM10 in Andalusia, Spain (2003-2008)

Theoretical implication of reversals of the ozone weekend effect systematically observed in Japan

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