The Weight-Related Abuse Questionnaire (WRAQ): Reliability, validity, and clinical utility

Salwen‐Deremer, Jessica K.; Hymowitz, Genna

doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.09.001

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…22,23 In contrast, one study found a positive association such that greater EWB was associated with higher BMI. 59,67 For patients who had already received bariatric surgery, EWB was associated with higher BMI postsurgery, but was not related to BMI % change. 44…”

Section: Weightmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The following validated questionnaires were each used in one study: the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) 56,57 and the Perception of Teasing Scale-weight-related teasing subscale (POTS). 58,59 Lastly, the following measures were each created for the study they were presented in: the Health Care Questionnaire (HCQ), 60 the Healthcare Weight-Related Stigma (HCWS), 44 the Stigma Preferences Questionnaire (SPQ), 57 the Weight Loss Surgery and Work Expectations Questionnaire (WLSWEQ), 42 the Weight-Related Abuse Questionnaire (WRAQ), 59 and a single question that assessed the extent to which participants were teased about weight as a child. 61…”

Section: Weight Bias Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining weight bias before and/or after bariatric surgery: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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Research examining weight bias in the bariatric population, who may be at greater risk of weight stigma, is scarce. The present study aimed to systematically review the literature for quantitative evidence that explores the medical, psychosocial, and behavioral sequelae associated with experienced, internalized, and/or externalized weight bias in patients seeking or who have undergone bariatric surgery. Five databases were systematically searched for English peer-reviewed quantitative studies, which examined weight bias in a sample of individuals seeking or who had undergone bariatric surgery. Risk of bias was assessed. Twenty-nine studies were included, of which 13 examined internalized weight bias, 12 examined experienced weight bias, 4 examined both, and 0 examined externalized weight bias. Most studies were crosssectional, and the results showed high risk of bias. The results suggested that both experienced and internalized weight bias were associated with a host of negative psychosocial, behavioral, and medical sequelae. The findings of this review underscore the need for more rigorous research to better understand the relationship between weight bias and bariatric surgery, particularly longitudinally. Future patients may benefit from research developing interventions for reducing weight bias prior to and following bariatric surgery in order to reduce the associated negative correlates and improve outcomes.

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Section: Weightmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Weight Bias Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining weight bias before and/or after bariatric surgery: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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“…Items are rated on a 7‐point Likert‐type scale ranging from 0 (“never”) to 6 (“more than 20 times per year”), with higher scores indicating higher weight‐related abuse. The WRAQ has demonstrated high reliability and concurrent and convergent validity (Salwen & Hymowitz, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2.4.6 | Weight-Related Abuse Questionnaire (WRAQ; Salwen & Hymowitz, 2015) The WRAQ is a self-report questionnaire that assesses the severity, frequency, and impact of weight-related adversity in the form of neglect, verbal abuse, and physical abuse. It also assesses for the perpetrator(s) of the adversity, the person's weight/shape at the time of the adversity, and for how long the adversity has been occurring.…”

Section: Eating Disorder Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Items are rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 ("never") to 6 ("more than 20 times per year"), with higher scores indicating higher weight-related abuse. The WRAQ has demonstrated high reliability and concurrent and convergent validity (Salwen & Hymowitz, 2015). Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983) The STAI Form Y1 is a 20-item self-report anxiety screening measure for adults.…”

Section: Eating Disorder Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development and validation of the Conscious Objectification Questionnaire

Liberman

Burke

2022

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective Self‐objectification is linked to disordered eating (DE) behaviors in women. However, the awareness of objectification by the self and others, not just the objectifying experiences themselves, may be differentially related to DE. The proposed study examines the development and validity of the Conscious Objectification Questionnaire (COQ), which seeks to evaluate awareness of objectification by others and intentional self‐objectification. Method In Study 1, 24 participants who identify as women (≥18 years) will provide qualitative feedback on COQ items, and survey items will be updated based on participant feedback. In Study 2, separate participants will complete the COQ and questionnaires assessing DE, self‐objectification, and mental health correlates. Exploratory factor analyses will be conducted on the COQ, and reliability and convergent and divergent validity will be assessed. Results Results will clarify whether the COQ is a reliable and valid instrument that measures the distinct construct of awareness of objectification. Discussion If proven psychometrically sound, the COQ may be useful for future research on the link between awareness of objectification and disordered eating. Public Significance The novel Conscious Objectification Questionnaire (COQ) assesses the degree to which women recognize and act upon being objectified. The COQ will be reviewed by self‐objectification experts and pilot participants before being psychometrically evaluated with data from a larger sample. The COQ is expected to differentially relate to disordered eating above and beyond existing self‐objectification measures and accurately represent the distinct construct of conscious awareness of societal and self‐objectification.

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Verbal Weight‐Related Abuse and Binge Eating Behavior: The Mediating Role of Attentional Bias to Threat Cues and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation

Salemi,

Zahraei,

Dehshiri

et al. 2024

Brain and Behavior

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IntroductionPrevious studies investigated the impact of weight‐related abuse (WRA) on eating pathology. However, the circumstances of such an effect are still unclear. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between verbal WRA and binge eating (BE) behavior via attentional bias (AB) to threat cues and difficulties in emotion regulation.MethodWe conducted a parallel mediation model. On the basis of the purposive sampling method, 183 individuals with obesity and overweight (70.5% female and 28.4% male; Meanage = 32.78), from February to June 2019, were recruited from a nutrition clinic in Tehran. The participants completed the BE scale (BES), the weight‐related abuse questionnaire (WRAQ), the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS), and the dot probe task (DPT).ResultsAB to threat cues had a significantly negative association with verbal WRA and BE. Difficulties in emotion regulation showed a significant positive association with verbal WRA and BE. The parallel mediation model showed a direct effect of verbal WRA on BE. Moreover, the bootstrap analysis revealed that difficulties in emotion regulation could mediate the association between verbal WRA and BE.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that experiences of verbal WRA can contribute to cognitive bias to negative emotion, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, and behavioral problems like BE.

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The Weight-Related Abuse Questionnaire (WRAQ): Reliability, validity, and clinical utility

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Examining weight bias before and/or after bariatric surgery: A systematic review

Examining weight bias before and/or after bariatric surgery: A systematic review

The development and validation of the Conscious Objectification Questionnaire

Verbal Weight‐Related Abuse and Binge Eating Behavior: The Mediating Role of Attentional Bias to Threat Cues and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation

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