Ritual, Space, and Authority in Seventeenth-Century English Cathedral Citiesed it o r s' in t r o d u c t io n In seventeenth-century English cathedral cities, a lively and important group of urban communities during the late medieval and early modern periods, public rituals were acted out in spaces where forms of worship, bene ts of royal favor, and assertions of local authority were all contested. A close examination of these rituals in their spatial context is essential to a thorough understanding of serious disputes linking the struggle for civic autonomy to religious culture. Just as important, it provides a window onto the role of public space in the devotional, communal, and political experience of English urban dwellers during a turbulent and transitional period. Up until the outbreak of civil war in the 1640s, sacred and secular authorities appropriated one another's sites and symbols to underscore status and claim legitimacy. In the tumultuous decades leading up to civil war, cathedral of cials waged a symbolic battle to demarcate and delimit their sacred space more visibly, invoking royal adjudication to fend off the appropriation of sacred symbols by civic authorities. After the interregnum, civic authorities exerted more power over the use of cathedral spaces and symbols. Ritual was transformed and, in the process, public space and public authority were rede ned. 1
R ITU AL, SPACE, A ND AU T HOR ITYThe long history of public ritual in cathedral cities was not without its moments of tension, but the seventeenth century was a pivotal period in this regard. Centuries before the English civil wars © 2002 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the editors of The Journal of Interdisciplinary History.In seventeenth-century England, cathedrals were located in twenty-two urban communities, many of them county towns and administrative, economic, and cultural centers of their regions. St. Paul's and Christ Church cathedrals were subject to the unusual in uences of the metropolis and the university. Arguably, Ely, for lack of a major town, should be identi ed, along with London and Oxford, as unrepresentative of provincial cathedral cities. Bath had been subsumed by the diocese of Wells by the Reformation. Westminster was a Henrician foundation that lasted only two years. Coventry cathedral was suppressed in 1539 and not revived until 1918.