The white blood cell count: its relationship to plasma insulin and other cardiovascular risk factors in healthy male individuals

Targher, Giovanni; Seidell, Jacob C.; Tonoli, M.; Muggeo, Michele; Sandre, G. De; Cigolini, M.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1996.815000.x

Cited by 75 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is in agreement with the findings that WBC count is associated with insulin resistance [20,21], blood pressure [22], insulin concentration [22], triglyceride [22], and the components of MS [23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The association of total and differential white blood cell count with metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients

Shim¹,

Kim²,

Kang³

et al. 2006

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

103

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The association of total and differential white blood cell count with metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients

Shim¹,

Kim²,

Kang³

et al. 2006

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

103

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“…In p a r t i c u l a r, it was observed that WBC count significantly correlated with insulin-mediated glucose disposal during a euglycemic clamp (12). In a subsequent study, it was demonstrated that neutrophil and lymphocyte count correlated positively with several components of the insulin resistance syndrome and that plasma insulin concentration was specifically asso- ciated with lymphocytes and monocytes (13). These associations were confirmed in our study subjects.…”

Section: Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphism and Insulin Sensitivitysupporting

confidence: 84%

“…We describe here that a polymorphism of the I L-6 gene at position -174 is associated with insulin resistance, postload glucose levels, and with two markers of putative IL-6 action, peripheral WBC count, and glycosylated CBG (12)(13)(14). When comparing constructs of the 5 flanking region of IL-6 in a luciferase reporter vector transiently transfected into He La cells, the -174 C construct showed lower expression than the -174 G construct (6).…”

Section: Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphism and Insulin Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 89%

Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism and insulin sensitivity.

Fernández‐Real¹,

Broch²,

Vendrell³

et al. 2000

Diabetes

221

140

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Type 2 diabetes and the insulin resistance syndrome have been hypothesized to constitute manifestations of an ongoing acute-phase response. We aimed to study an interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene polymorphism in relation to insulin sensitivity (I L-6 is the main cytokine involved in an acute-phase response). Subjects homozygous for the C allele at position -174 of the IL-6 gene (SfaNI genotype), associated to lower plasma IL-6 levels, showed significantly lower integrated area under the curve of serum glucose concentrations (AUC glucose ) after an oral glucose tolerance test, lower blood glycosylated hemoglobin, lower fasting insulin levels, lower total and differential white blood cell count (a putative marker of peripheral IL-6 action), and an increased insulin sensitivity index than carriers of the G allele, despite similar age and body composition. A gene dosage effect was especially remarkable for AUC g l u c o s e (6.4 vs. 9.3 vs. 9 . 7 mmol/l in C/C, C/G, and G/G individuals, respectively). The serum concentration of fully glycosylated cortisol binding globulin (another marker of IL-6 action), suggested by concanavalin A adsorption, was lower in C/C subjects than in G/G individuals (32.6 ± 2.9 vs. 37.6 ± 4.6 mg/l, P = 0.03). In summary, a polymorphism of the I L-6 gene influences the relationship among insulin sensitivity, postload glucose levels, and peripheral white blood cell count. Diabetes 49:517-520, 2000 I t has been hypothesized that type 2 diabetes and the insulin resistance syndrome are partly a manifestation of an ongoing acute-phase response (1,2). This hypothesis is based on the findings of increased blood concentrations of markers of the acute-phase response, including C-reactive protein, serum amyloid-A, -1 acid glycoprotein, sialic acid, and cortisol (1-4).Interleukin (IL)-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the regulation of the acute-phase reaction, immune responses, and hematopoiesis. Plasma IL-6 levels are elevated in type 2 diabetic patients, particularly in those with features of the insulin resistance syndrome (1,2). Although the concentrations of multiple components of the acute-phase response increase together, not all of them increase uniformly in all patients. These variations indicate that the components of the acute-phase response are individually regulated, and this may be explained in part by differences in the pattern of production of specific cytokines (5). Recently, it has been reported that a polymorphism in the 5 flanking region of the I L-6 gene alters the transcriptional response to stimuli such as endotoxin and IL-1 (6).In addition to its role in acute-phase response, IL-6 has been recently shown to be released by adipose tissue, and this release is greater in obese subjects, especially in those with a higher waist-to-hip ratio (7). Furthermore, IL-6 increases p o s t p r a n d i a l l y, in parallel to glucose and insulin levels, in the interstitial fluid of subcutaneous adipose tissue (8). This increase suggests that IL-6 might modulate adipose glucose metabolism in the...

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“…The lipid pattern of high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a feature of inflammation and, more specifically, of TNF-a action [18]. Because some features of lowgraded inflammation such as glucose intolerance and dyslipidaemia are identical to the components of the insulin resistance syndrome [19], subclinical inflammation could be the expression of an insulin-resistant state, which would represent the underlying mechanism [20,21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

White blood-cell count and the risk of impaired fasting glucose or Type II diabetes in middle-aged Japanese men

et al. 2002

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Considerable research has been done on factors that influence the development of Type II (non-insulindependent) diabetes mellitus. Age, family history of diabetes, obesity, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, reduced physical activity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia have been confirmed as important predictors of Type II diabetes mellitus [1±11]. More recently, markers of low-grade inflammation have been shown to predict the occurrence of Type II diabetes mellitus [12,13]. Concentrations of inflammatory markers and mediators of inflammation ± cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-6 ± are higher in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus, particularly in those with features of insulin resistance [14±16]. White blood cells (WBCs), another major component of the inflammatory process, are increased by cytokines, especially Diabetologia (2002) Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To investigate the association between white blood-cell (WBC) count and the development of diabetes, independent of cigarette smoking. Methods. We examined 2953 Japanese men who were office workers and between 35 and 59 years of age and who did not have impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (a fasting glucose concentration of 6.1±6.9 mmol/l), Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (a fasting glucose concentration of ³ 7.0 mmol/l or more or receipt of hypoglycaemic medication), medication for hypertension, and a history of cardiovascular disease. Fasting glucose concentrations were measured at annual health examinations from May 1994 through May 2000. Results. After controlling for potential predictors of diabetes, the relative risk for IFG or Type II diabetes mellitus compared with a WBC count of less than 5.3´10 9 cells/l was 1.2 (95 %-CI, 0.6±2.3), 1.6 (CI, 0.8±3

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The white blood cell count: its relationship to plasma insulin and other cardiovascular risk factors in healthy male individuals

Abstract: The results indicate that increased, albeit normal, WBC count associates with the cluster of metabolic and haemodynamic disorders typical of the insulin resistance syndrome, and suggest that increased WBC count may be yet another component of this syndrome.

Cited by 75 publications

References 22 publications

The association of total and differential white blood cell count with metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients

The association of total and differential white blood cell count with metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients

Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism and insulin sensitivity.

White blood-cell count and the risk of impaired fasting glucose or Type II diabetes in middle-aged Japanese men

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