The White Blood Cell Count to Mean Platelet Volume Ratio for the Prediction of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia in Lower Extremity Artery Disease

Guetl, Katharina; Raggam, Reinhard B.; Muster, Viktoria; Gressenberger, Paul; Vujić, J; Avian, Alexander; Hafner, Franz; Wehrschuetz, M.; Brodmann, Marianne; Tse, Gary

doi:10.3390/jcm8101593

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Plateletmediated infl ammation has been reported to contribute to cancer progression with platelet-derived growth factors contributing to oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis [26]. The risk models for predicting survival and/or progression of disorders include NLR and PLR values based on the role of WBCs and platelets in the initiation, progression, and complications of cardiovascular-related diseases [27] were reported to increase in this study. Higher NLR and PLR detect infl ammatory activation underlying some disorders such as cardiovascular disorders, cancers, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Codeine induced hematological, hepatic alterations, lung and brain damage in mice

Adele¹,

Joseph²,

Olufunke³

2022

Adv Toxicol Toxic Effects

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Codeine, an opiate derivate, which induces pleasure and euphoria in users, is contained in many OTC cough syrups as dextromethorphan. In 2011, its abuse has been reported in Nigeria from consumption of codeine-based cough syrup such as Benylin containing codeine syrup (BCS). Thereafter, the neurobehavioural alteration was reported with BCS in mice. 45 Swiss male mice (20 g -25 g) were grouped into control, low dose-(10.95 ml/kg BCS) and High dose-(21.90 ml/kg of BCS). BCS was given orally above the therapeutic dose for 4weeks. Blood samples were collected after 7 and 28days under mild ether anesthesia into plain and heparinized bottles to assess hematological indices, serum creatinine level, and activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Thereafter, the brain, lung, and liver were excised and processed for brain protein level and histopathological observation. Data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA at P < 0.05. At both doses, BCS reduced hemoglobin concentration (10.56; 21.69%), lymphocyte count (10.54; 29.22%) and brain protein level (4.86±0.81; 4.86 ± 0.80 vs 9.20 ± 0.61 g/l) while white blood cell count (20.47; 46.08%), serum creatinine level (5.36; 18.75%), AST (26.31; 32.77%) and ALT (22.90; 36.70%) activities were increased compared to control. Histology shows marked necrosis and chronic infiltration by inflammatory cells in the brain, liver, and lung. Acute and chronic treatment of mice with Benylin with codeine resulted in significant alterations in blood and vital body organs such as kidney, liver, lung, and brain in a dose-dependent manner.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Codeine induced hematological, hepatic alterations, lung and brain damage in mice

Adele¹,

Joseph²,

Olufunke³

2022

Adv Toxicol Toxic Effects

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“…CLTI is a clinical syndrome expressing the most advanced stages of PAD and is associated with amputation, impaired quality of life, and mortality. 16,17 In a meta-analysis that consisted of 13 studies with untreated CLTI patients (1527 patients), the rate of wound ulcers was reported to be 35%, major amputation rate was 22%, and mortality rate was 22% in a median one-year follow-up. 18 The main cause is atherosclerosis in CLTI pathology, and although many predictors have been identified in recent years for the detection of PAD patients who are at risk of CLTI development, this issue continues to be popular because of poor prognosis of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of triglyceride–glucose index with chronic limb-threatening ischemia in lower extremity peripheral artery disease

Pala

Urcun

2021

Vascular

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Objectives Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), which is defined as the simple and novel marker of insulin resistance, is becoming increasingly important as a promising predictive marker for atherosclerotic diseases. Chronic limb-threatening ischemia is defined as the most advanced stage of the lower extremity peripheral artery disease, whose main cause is atherosclerosis and is associated in this respect with amputation, impaired quality of life, and mortality. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between the calculated TyG index values and chronic limb-threatening ischemia development. Methods A total of 296 patients who were diagnosed with lower extremity peripheral artery disease in our outpatient clinic between October 2018 and October 2020 were included in this study retrospectively. Two groups were formed by clinically staging the patients according to Rutherford Classification. Patients who did not develop chronic limb-threatening ischemia were classified as “Group 1” ( n = 224) and those who developed were classified as “Group 2” ( n = 72). Results The mean TyG index values that were calculated in Group 2 were significantly higher than in Group 1 (9.27 ± 0.31 vs. 9.00 ± 0.34, p < 0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis conducted to determine the predictors of chronic limb-threatening ischemia development, C-reactive protein (OR [Odds Ratio]: 1.220, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.092–1.363, p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 0.775, 95% CI: 0.715–0.839, p < 0.001) and TyG index (OR: 5.796, 95% CI: 2.050–16.382, p = 0.001) were identified as independent predictors. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the cut-off value of TyG index was 9.13 (area under the curve: 0.721, p < 0.001) with 70.8% sensitivity and 65.2% specificity. The TyG index was significantly correlated with Rutherford category, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mean platelet volume. Conclusions Chronic limb-threatening ischemia development may be predicted with the TyG index value, which is calculated easily from routine biochemical parameters, in patients diagnosed with lower extremity peripheral artery disease.

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“…In addition to medical treatments (antithrombotic, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive agents) and treatment approaches such as exercise, diet, smoking cessation, and preventive foot care applied in symptomatic LEAD patients, early revascularization options are recommended for patients at high risk of developing CLTI [1,3]. In recent years, many predictors of CLTI development have been identified in patients diagnosed with LEAD [16,17]. Since atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of LEAD pathology, the identified predictors are focused on atherosclerosis, which is considered an inflammatory process.…”

Section: The Relation Between Clti Development and Calculated Po Values And Aip Values Was Investigated Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive value of calculated plasma osmolality and atherogenic index of plasma for chronic limb-threatening ischemia in lower extremity artery disease

Pala

Urcun

2021

The European Research Journal

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Objectives: Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is the end-stage form of lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) whose main reason is atherosclerosis. Plasma osmolality (PO) and plasma lipid levels affect the development and progression of atherosclerosis directly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive effect of PO and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) for the development of CLTI. Methods: A total of 324 patients who were diagnosed with LEAD were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical stage of the disease was evaluated according to the Rutherford classification, and patients without CLTI were defined as “Group 1” and patients with CLTI as “Group 2”. Results: There were 248 patients (mean age 64.44 ± 9.05 years and 73.4% male) in Group 1, and 76 patients (mean age 66.62 ± 8.22 years and 76.3% male) in Group 2. In the multivariate regression analysis, CAD, PO, CRP and AIP were defined as independent predictive factors for the development of CLTI (p = 0.015, p < 0.001, p = 0.007, p < 0.001; respectively). ROC curve analysis showed that, PO cut-off value for CLTI development was 293.28 mOsm/kg (AUC: 0.821, p < 0.001) with 75% sensitivity and 74.2% specificity, and AIP cut-off value was 0.23 (AUC: 0.740, p < 0.001) with 67.1% sensitivity and 68.5% specificity. Conclusions: The PO and AIP values in LEAD patients may be used as the new biomarkers of atherosclerosis progression, and therefore as predictive factors for the development of CLTI.

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The White Blood Cell Count to Mean Platelet Volume Ratio for the Prediction of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia in Lower Extremity Artery Disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Codeine induced hematological, hepatic alterations, lung and brain damage in mice

Codeine induced hematological, hepatic alterations, lung and brain damage in mice

Relationship of triglyceride–glucose index with chronic limb-threatening ischemia in lower extremity peripheral artery disease

Predictive value of calculated plasma osmolality and atherogenic index of plasma for chronic limb-threatening ischemia in lower extremity artery disease

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