The wholesomeness of irradiated food

Elias, P. S.

doi:10.1016/0147-6513(80)90017-2

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Overwhelmingly, these studies yielded no data that would call into question the adequacy of safety assessments based on compositional analysis and comparisons with untreated food. Elias ( 1980 ), considering the results of these studies, summarized the major limitations of irradiated food toxicity testing, including: … the impossibility of physically or chemically identifying what was being tested; the inability to incorporate sufficient irradiated food into the animal diet without seriously disturbing the nutrition of the test animals giving rise to secondary toxicological findings totally unrelated to irradiation effects, and the obvious impossibility of using sufficiently large numbers of animals in each experimental group to permit ascribing with an acceptable degree of statistical confidence any observed variations to the effect of radiolytic products present in minute amounts. … It is more convincing to be able to state that certain likely effects have been searched for and found absent than to admit that one did not know quite what to look for – but found it absent nevertheless.…”

Section: Historical Experience Of Wf Toxicity Studies In the Assessmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, test crops may only be introduced to rodent diets at levels which do not result in dietary nutrient imbalance. Furthermore, some human foods such as onions and chilies are not suitable for administration to rats as a large proportion of diet, because they are known to lead to adverse effects that are attributable to endogenous constituents (Elias, 1980 ; Hammond et al, 1996a ). Dietary incorporation of test crops at levels greater than 60% (w/w) have been achieved, although levels in the range of 30% (w/w) are more common ( Table 4 ).…”

Section: Basic Principles Of Toxicology Studies Applicable To Wf Studmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of whole food animal studies in the safety assessment of genetically modified crops: Limitations and recommendations

Bartholomaeus

Parrott

Bondy

et al. 2013

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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There is disagreement internationally across major regulatory jurisdictions on the relevance and utility of whole food (WF) toxicity studies on GM crops, with no harmonization of data or regulatory requirements. The scientific value, and therefore animal ethics, of WF studies on GM crops is a matter addressable from the wealth of data available on commercialized GM crops and WF studies on irradiated foods. We reviewed available GM crop WF studies and considered the extent to which they add to the information from agronomic and compositional analyses. No WF toxicity study was identified that convincingly demonstrated toxicological concern or that called into question the adequacy, sufficiency, and reliability of safety assessments based on crop molecular characterization, transgene source, agronomic characteristics, and/or compositional analysis of the GM crop and its near-isogenic line. Predictions of safety based on crop genetics and compositional analyses have provided complete concordance with the results of well-conducted animal testing. However, this concordance is primarily due to the improbability of de novo generation of toxic substances in crop plants using genetic engineering practices and due to the weakness of WF toxicity studies in general. Thus, based on the comparative robustness and reliability of compositional and agronomic considerations and on the absence of any scientific basis for a significant potential for de novo generation of toxicologically significant compositional alterations as a sole result of transgene insertion, the conclusion of this review is that WF animal toxicity studies are unnecessary and scientifically unjustifiable.

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Section: Historical Experience Of Wf Toxicity Studies In the Assessmementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basic Principles Of Toxicology Studies Applicable To Wf Studmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of whole food animal studies in the safety assessment of genetically modified crops: Limitations and recommendations

Bartholomaeus

Parrott

Bondy

et al. 2013

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…Samples treated with 15 and 20 kGy showed a significant increase in glycyrrhizic acid, 7.8 and 21.7 percent, respectively. DISCUSSION Gamma irradiation, a preferred method for reducing microbial contamination, has been approved by the FAO, IAEA, and WHO (WHO, 1981). This work contributed to the knowledge of gamma radiation effects as applied to decontaminating licorice powder.…”

Section: Glycyrrhizic Acid Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Microbial Decontamination of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) by Gamma Radition

Pewlong¹,

Sajjabut²,

Eamsiri³

et al. 2016

CMUJNS

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“…After discovering that the origin of pain in tendinopathy arises from nerve endings runs parallel to the small vessels into the tendon, Alfredson et al assumed that sclerosing the neovessels would destroy the nerve endings, resulting in pain relief [ 4 – 6 ]. Sclerotherapy was initially used for treating varicose veins [ 58 ]. The most commonly used substance is Polidocanol, a topical anaesthetic, causing endothelial damage by interacting with the lipid layer of intimate cells’ membranes [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sclerotherapy and prolotherapy for chronic patellar tendinopathies - a promising therapy with limited available evidence, a systematic review

et al. 2020

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Chronic Patellar tendinopathy (CPT) is a frequent overuse disorder in athletes and active people. Sclerotherapy (ST) and prolotherapy (PT) are, among a wide range of conservative treatment options, two promising therapies and have shown positive results in other tendinopathies. Since the treatments’ efficacy and safety are still not defined, this review sought to answer questions on recommendations for use in clinical utility, safety, and how to perform the injection in the most effective way. An electronic database search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were set up according to the PICOS-scheme. Included were athletes and non-athletes of all ages with diagnosed painful CPT. Studies including patients suffering from patellar tendinopathy which can be originated to any systemic condition affecting the musculoskeletal system (e.g. disorders associated with rheumatism) and animal studies were excluded. Methodological quality (modified Coleman Methodology Score) and risk of bias (Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool 2.0) were assessed by two independent reviewers, with disagreements resolved with a third reviewer. The search yielded a total of 416 entries. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, ten articles were found for qualitative analysis. The mean Coleman Score was 64.57. Three randomized-controlled trials showed positive results with an increase in VISA-P score or a decrease in VAS or NPPS, respectively. The non-randomized studies confirmed the positive results as well. Among all ten studies no serious adverse events were reported. Based on this limited set of studies, there seems to be some evidence that ST and PT may be effective treatment options to treat pain and to improve function in patients with CPT. To strengthen this recommendation, more research is needed with larger volume studies and randomized controlled studies with long term follow up. Level of evidence IV

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The wholesomeness of irradiated food

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

The use of whole food animal studies in the safety assessment of genetically modified crops: Limitations and recommendations

The use of whole food animal studies in the safety assessment of genetically modified crops: Limitations and recommendations

Enhancement of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Microbial Decontamination of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) by Gamma Radition

Sclerotherapy and prolotherapy for chronic patellar tendinopathies - a promising therapy with limited available evidence, a systematic review

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