The wide-angle reflection eye camera for visual choice and pupil size

Mackworth, Norman H.

doi:10.3758/bf03212708

Cited by 32 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Further studies using, for example, eye-movement cameras (e.g. Mackworth, 1967Mackworth, , 1968 would probably be the best way of pursuing some of the actual behavioural effects of administering pre-tests. (Related research on the effects of the positions of questions in prose material, the time taken to read, and eye movements, has been carried out by Morasky andWillcox, 1970, andMorasky, 1972.…”

Section: What Causes Pre-test Effects?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of pre-testing on post-test performance

Hartley

1973

Instr Sci

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At the present time, sharp differences of opinion exist concerning the possible and probable consequences of giving students a test before the commencement of instruction.Researchers are unclear about the effects of such "pre-tests" on subsequent learning (if any), and they are also unclear about the effects of such tests on further tests (of varying degrees of similarity and difference)given after instructional sessions. There is evidence that pre-tests can have orienting and motivational and (hence) teaching functions -in addition to the sought-for testing function.There is also evidence that these additional functions can be either general or specific. The present paper contributes to the ongoing debate by discussing the issues involved in the context of a series of experiments conducted by the author.

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Section: What Causes Pre-test Effects?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of pre-testing on post-test performance

Hartley

1973

Instr Sci

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“…With the stand camera, differences between beginning and end calibration points greater than 1 deg of visual angle will result in the rejection of 50% of the runs. Head movement is less serious a problem with the wide-angle camera (Mackworth, 1968 , and dJSPeISIOD about dISPlay center (right) for S F.S. viewing chest X-ray (Fig.…”

Section: Sources Of Error and Correction Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…which measures the gaze of the S by superimposing a light spot reflected from the cornea onto the stimulus display, and the Mackworth wide-angle camera, which measures the gaze of the S by superimposing a reflected image of the stimulus display onto the pupil of the eye. A detailed account of the recording principles for the stand camera can be found in Mackworth (1967), and for the wide-angle camera in Mackworth (1968). Figure IA shows a frame of cine film generated from the stand camera, and Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

A computer system for processing eye-movement records

Kundel

Nodine

1973

Behav. Res. Meth. Instru.

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A computer system using the LINC-8 computer was developed to process eye-movement records from two 16-mm cine film input sources: the Mackworth stand camera and the Mackworth wide-angle camera. Data reduction was accomplished by projecting the films onto an X-Y plotting table. An operator marked, using a cursor, either the eyespot, in the case of the stand camera, or the pupil and display center, in the case of the wide-angle camera, in order to digitize the locus of the gaze. This information was normalized and stored on magnetic tape as: ordinal fixation number, fixation duration, and fixation coordinates (X and Y). A software library was created to analyze the three eye-movement measures. One program calculates interfixation distance, fixation time, and dispersion of fixations about a point. A second program operates on data matrices to: calculate area covered by a fixation pattern, frequency of redundant fixations in a fixation pattern, and distribution of fixations over features of the visual display. Data are displayed on either scope or the Calcomp plotter.

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“…Apparatus S viewed the screen through the wide-angle reflection eye camera (Mackworth , 1968). With this apparatus an image of the display is reflected from S's pupil into the camera .…”

Section: Recallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye fixation and spatial organization in imagery

Hall

1974

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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The relationship between eye fixation and spatial organization in imagery was investigated. A spatially organized stimulus consisting of 12 geometric shapes was presented. During recall, eye fixations were allowed to be appropriate to an image of the stimulus, or, alternatively, Ss had to fixate one spatial position. The number of stimulus elements recalled and the latency of the recall were measured. Results indicated that fixating one spatial position tended to disrupt the process of imaging spatial organization, compared to allowing appropriate scanning during recall.

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The wide-angle reflection eye camera for visual choice and pupil size

Cited by 32 publications

References 15 publications

The effect of pre-testing on post-test performance

The effect of pre-testing on post-test performance

A computer system for processing eye-movement records

Eye fixation and spatial organization in imagery

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