The Wide-area Energy Management System Phase 2 Final Report

Abstract

The higher penetration of intermittent generation resources (including wind and solar generation) in the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and California Independent System Operator (CAISO) balancing authorities (BAs) raises the issue of requiring expensive additional fast grid balancing services in response to additional intermittency and fast up and down power ramps in the electric power system.The overall goal of the Wide-area Energy Storage and Management System (WAEMS) project is to develop the principles, algorithms, market integration rules, a functional design, and technical specifications for an energy storage system to cope with uncertainties and unexpected rapid changes in renewable generation power output. The resulting WAEMS system will store excess energy, control dispatchable load and distributed generation, and use inter-area exchange of the excess energy between the CAISO and BPA BAs. A further goal is to provide a cost-benefit analysis and develop a business model for an investment-based practical deployment of such a system. Phase II of the WAEMS project consists of two tasks: the flywheel field tests and the battery evaluation. Two final reports, "Wide-area Energy Storage and Management System Phase IIFlywheel Field Tests Final Report" and "Wide-area Energy Storage and Management SystemBattery Storage Evaluation", were written to summarize the results of the two tasks. The two final reports have been attached in Appendix A and Appendix B. Keywords: energy storage, flywheel, NaS battery, regulation services, load following, real-time dispatch, balancing services, economic analysis, performance evaluation, wind integration, renewables, intermittent energy resources, ancillary services. iv v PrefaceThe California Energy Commission's Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program supports public interest energy research and development that will help improve the quality of life in California by bringing environmentally safe, affordable, and reliable energy services and products to the marketplace.The PIER Program conducts public interest research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) projects to benefit California.The PIER Program strives to conduct the most promising public interest energy research by partnering with RD&D entities, including individuals, businesses, utilities, and public or private research institutions.PIER funding efforts are focused on the following RD&D program areas:• Building End-Use Energy Efficiency Executive SummaryThis research was conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), which is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830, for Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), the California Energy Commission, and the California Institute for Energy and Environment (CIEE).The higher penetration of intermittent generation resources (including wind and solar generation) in the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and California Independent System Operator (CAISO) balancing authorities (BAs) rais...