The wild grass Brachypodium distachyon as a developmental model system

Raissig, Michael T.; Woods, Daniel P.

doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.12.012

Cited by 24 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…B. distachyon has an obligate requirement for LD to flower [8,49,67]. Previous studies have shown the important roles that both PHYC and ELF3 have for photoperiodic flowering in B. distachyon [29,30,58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many temperate grasses such as Brachypodium distachyon ( B. distachyon ), wheat, and barley that flower in the spring or early summer months in response to increasing day-lengths, and thus are referred to as long-day (LD) plants [7]. B. distachyon is closely related to the core pooid clade comprising wheat, oats, barley, and rye and has a number of attributes that make it an attractive grass model organism suitable for developmental genetics research [8,9]. Unlike temperate grasses, many tropical grasses such as rice, flower when the days become shorter and thus are referred to as short-day (SD) plants [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PHYTOCHROME C regulation ofPHOTOPERIOD1is mediated byEARLY FLOWERING 3inBrachypodium distachyon

Woods

Sibout

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Daylength sensing in many plants is critical for coinciding the timing of flowering with the appropriate season. Temperate-climate-adapted grasses such as Brachypodium distachyon flower during the spring when days are becoming longer. The photoreceptor PHYTOCHROME C is essential for long-day (LD) flowering in B. distachyon. PHYC is required for the LD activation of a suite of genes in the photoperiod pathway including PHOTOPERIOD1 (PPD1) that, in turn, result in the activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT1)/FLORIGEN, which causes flowering. Thus, phyC mutants are extremely delayed in flowering. Here we show that PHYC-mediated activation of PPD1 occurs via EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), a component of the evening complex in the circadian clock. The extreme delay of flowering of the phyC mutant disappears when combined with an elf3 loss-of-function mutation. Moreover, the dampened PPD1 expression in phyC mutant plants is elevated in phyC/elf3 mutant plants consistent with the rapid flowering of the double mutant. We show that loss of PPD1 function also results in reduced FT1 expression levels and extremely delayed flowering consistent with reports from wheat and barley. Additionally, elf3 mutant plants have elevated expression levels of PPD1 and we show that overexpression of ELF3 results in delayed flowering, which is associated with a reduction of PPD1 and FT1, demonstrating ELF3 represses PPD1 transcription, consistent with previous studies showing that ELF3 binds to the PPD1 promoter. Indeed, PPD1 is the main target of ELF3-mediated flowering as elf3/ppd1 double mutant plants are delayed flowering. Our results indicate that ELF3 operates downstream from PHYC and acts as a repressor of PPD1 in the photoperiod flowering pathway of B. distachyon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PHYTOCHROME C regulation ofPHOTOPERIOD1is mediated byEARLY FLOWERING 3inBrachypodium distachyon

Woods

Sibout

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Maize germplasms of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) Inflorescence Project Mutants and of Sequence-tagged insertion mutants (UniformMu, RescueMU, Ac/Ds/Ds-GFP) are available at the Maize Genetics and Genomics database ( Woodhouse et al, 2021 ). Mutants of Brachypodium , an emerging plant model, are available at the Joint Genome Institute (T-DNA, chemical, and radiation mutants ( Fitzgerald et al, 2015 ; Raissig and Woods, 2022 ). Additional mutant libraries were further produced for numerous plants, including tobacco ( Julio et al, 2008 ; Lewis et al, 2010 , 2015 ; Takakura et al, 2018 ; Udagawa et al, 2020 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ), tomato ( Saito et al, 2011 ), rice ( Meng et al, 2017 ), or cotton ( Lian et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolization and sequestration of plant specialized metabolites in insect herbivores: Current and emerging approaches

et al. 2022

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Herbivorous insects encounter diverse plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) in their diet, that have deterrent, anti-nutritional, or toxic properties. Understanding how they cope with PSMs is crucial to understand their biology, population dynamics, and evolution. This review summarizes current and emerging cutting-edge methods that can be used to characterize the metabolic fate of PSMs, from ingestion to excretion or sequestration. It further emphasizes a workflow that enables not only to study PSM metabolism at different scales, but also to tackle and validate the genetic and biochemical mechanisms involved in PSM resistance by herbivores. This review thus aims at facilitating research on PSM-mediated plant-herbivore interactions.

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“…Maize germplasms of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) Inflorescence Project Mutants and of Sequence-tagged insertion mutants (UniformMu, RescueMU, Ac/Ds/Ds-GFP) are available at the Maize Genetics and Genomics Database (Woodhouse et al, 2021). Mutants of Brachypodium, an emerging plant model, are available at the Joint Genome Institute (T-DNA, chemical, and radiation mutants (Fitzgerald et al, 2015;Raissig and Woods, 2022). Additional mutant libraries were further produced for numerous plants, including tobacco (Julio et al, 2008;Lewis et al, 2010;Lewis et al, 2015Takakura et al, 2018Udagawa et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2020), tomato (Saito et al, 2011), rice (Meng et al, 2017), or cotton (Lian et al, 2020).…”

Section: Insect Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolization and Sequestration of Plant Specialized Metabolites in Insect Herbivores: Current and Emerging Approaches

Jeckel¹,

Beran²,

Züst³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The wild grass Brachypodium distachyon as a developmental model system

Cited by 24 publications

References 154 publications

PHYTOCHROME C regulation ofPHOTOPERIOD1is mediated byEARLY FLOWERING 3inBrachypodium distachyon

PHYTOCHROME C regulation ofPHOTOPERIOD1is mediated byEARLY FLOWERING 3inBrachypodium distachyon

Metabolization and sequestration of plant specialized metabolites in insect herbivores: Current and emerging approaches

Metabolization and Sequestration of Plant Specialized Metabolites in Insect Herbivores: Current and Emerging Approaches

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