The Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Associated Factors: “Vaccination Refusal Could Prolong the War of This Pandemic” – A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, spreads globally, since its declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 vaccine is a crucial preventive approach that can halt this pandemic. The present systematic review was aimed to assess the level of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted by using various online databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, HINARI, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, African journals, and Google for grey literature which were used to search the related articles up to the period of May 08, 2021. Results The overall rate of participants’ willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was ranged from 27.7% to 91.3%, which was from Congo and China, respectively. Factors such as age, educational status, gender, income, residency, occupation, marital status, race/ethnicity, perceived risk of COVID-19, trust in healthcare system, health insurance, norms, attitude towards vaccine, perceived benefit of vaccine, perceived vaccine barriers, self-efficacy, up-to-date on vaccinations, tested for COVID-19 in the past, perceived efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccination, recommended for vaccination, political leaning, perceived severity of COVID-19, perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine, belief that vaccination makes them feel less worried about COVID-19, believing in mandatory COVID-19 vaccination, perceived potential vaccine harms, presence of chronic disease, confidence, COVID-19 vaccine safety concern, working in healthcare field, believing vaccines can stop the pandemic, fear about COVID-19, cues to action, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, complacency, and receiving any vaccine in the past 5 years were associated with the willingness of receive COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion There were insufficient levels of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine, and several factors were associated with it. Health education should be provided concerning this vaccine to improve the willingness of the community.

COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions and Differences by Sex, Age, and Education in 1,367 Community Adults in Ontario

“…A recent systematic review on vaccine hesitancy suggested that willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine ranged from 27.7 to 91.3% across the world ( 2 ). Further, age, educational status, trust in healthcare and health insurance have all been associated with willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine ( 2 – 4 ). The goal of the current study was to clarify the proportion of the population likely to decline a COVID-19 vaccine and the associated reasons.…”

Knowledge and Perceptions about COVID-19 among Health Care Workers: Evidence from COVID-19 Hospitals during the Second Pandemic Wave

“…Furthermore, the increased willingness of physicians to be vaccinated suggests, as probably expected, that approval of vaccination will vary depending on the social status, the profession and other factors. This suggests that, in order to increase the approval of vaccination, HCWs and the society in general should be approached also in a structured and individualized manner, through political decisions regarding educational interventions in the workplace, media coverage, and maybe societal benefits for vaccinated individuals [ 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Trends in COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions during the COVID-19 Pandemic; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies

“…4) 60,61 . Smaller studies (n < 1,000) were more likely to increase the heterogeneity of the results, so following the example of Robinson et al 24 , the authors chose to restrict the subgroup analysis to larger studies which may have had more robust estimates of vaccine acceptance.…”

“…Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several systematic reviews have been conducted into COVID-19 vaccine uptake and adherence [20][21][22][23][24] .…”

“…Limited database searching can introduce selection bias 25 and the absence of conventional double screening can result in the omission of key studies 26 . This review included surveys with a large sample size only (n ≥ 100) 24 , compared to Lin et al's review which included surveys with smaller sample sizes 23 . Overall, the review conducted by Robinson et al provides a systematic summary of the global populations' acceptance towards the COVID-19 vaccine up until October 2020 21 .…”