The WISDOM radar on board the ExoMars 2022 Rover: Characterization and calibration of the flight model

Herve, Yann; Ciarletti, Valérie; Gall, Alice Le; Corbel, Charlotte; Hassen-Khodja, Rafik; Benedix, Wolf-Stefan; Plettemeier, Dirk; Humeau, Olivier; Vieau, André-Jean; Lustrement, Benjamin; Abbaki, Sadok; Bertran, Emmanuel; Lapauw, Laurent; Tranier, Vivien; Oudart, Nicolas; Vivat, Francis; Statz, Christoph; Lu, Yun; Hegler, Sebastian; Hérique, Alain

doi:10.1016/j.pss.2020.104939

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The amplitudes of transmitted signals ( A i ) and received echoes ( A r ) are used to derive the relative permittivity of materials that are located within a maximum depth of 1/8 wavelength ( λ ) of the electromagnetic wave transmitted (Widess, 1973), that is, ∼4 cm in typical lunar regolith by the high‐frequency LPR. This method was initially applied for ground penetrating radars on Earth (Benedetto et al., 2017; Huisman et al., 2003), and it has also been employed for the high‐frequency LPR onboard the Chang'E‐3 mission and future WISDOM radar onboard the ExoMars mission (Dong et al., 2017; Herve et al., 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock Fragments in Shallow Lunar Regolith: Constraints by the Lunar Penetrating Radar Onboard the Chang'E‐4 Mission

Ding

et al. 2021

JGR Planets

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock Fragments in Shallow Lunar Regolith: Constraints by the Lunar Penetrating Radar Onboard the Chang'E‐4 Mission

Ding

et al. 2021

JGR Planets

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“…The Perseverance rover also carries a Martian-based ground-penetrating radar, RIMFAX, primarily used to detect shallow surface geological structures and water ice on Mars [46]. Additionally, the ESA plans to carry a Martian-based ground-penetrating radar named WISDOM on board the ExoMars Rover soon (Herve et al [28]).…”

Section: Radar Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both of the Martian-based ground-penetrating radars can detect water ice within a few meters or tens of meters of the shallow surface of Mars (Hamran et al [14], Zhou et al [15]). In addition, the European Space Agency (ESA) plans to launch the Exomars Mars exploration mission in 2028, which also will carry WISDOM (the Water Ice Subsurface Deposit Observation on Mars), a ground penetrating radar, onboard the rover (Herve et al [28]). These Martian-based ground-penetrating radars will be used primarily to reveal the geologic framework of the subsurface layers of Mars and the evolutionary history of its surface processes, and to detect water ice, or even liquid water, on the shallow subsurface of Mars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Ice Resources on the Shallow Subsurface of Mars: Indications to Rover-Mounted Radar Observation

Zheng,

Ding,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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The planet Mars is the most probable among the terrestrial planets in our solar system to support human settlement or colonization in the future. The detection of water ice or liquid water on the shallow subsurface of Mars is a crucial scientific objective for both the Chinese Tianwen-1 and United States Mars 2020 missions, which were launched in 2020. Both missions were equipped with Rover-mounted ground-penetrating radar (GPR) instruments, specifically the RoPeR on the Zhurong rover and the RIMFAX radar on the Perseverance rover. The in situ radar provides unprecedented opportunities to study the distribution of shallow subsurface water ice on Mars with its unique penetrating capability. The presence of water ice on the shallow surface layers of Mars is one of the most significant indicators of habitability on the extraterrestrial planet. A considerable amount of evidence pointing to the existence of water ice on Mars has been gathered by previous researchers through remote sensing photography, radar, measurements by gamma ray spectroscopy and neutron spectrometers, soil analysis, etc. This paper aims to review the various approaches utilized in detecting shallow subsurface water ice on Mars to date and to sort out the past and current evidence for its presence. This paper also provides a comprehensive overview of the possible clues of shallow subsurface water ice in the landing area of the Perseverance rover, serving as a reference for the RIMFAX radar to detect water ice on Mars in the future. Finally, this paper proposes the future emphasis and direction of rover-mounted radar for water ice exploration on the Martian shallow subsurface.

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“…A represents the echo signal's amplitude as it is reflected off the lunar's surface. This formula is widely used in the radar-derived relative permittivity of the planetary surface materials [84][85][86]. The estimated relative permittivity and loss tangent of the lunar regolith by the LRPR is shown in Figure 10.…”

Section: Radar Inversion Of Dielectric Permittivity and Loss Tangentmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Radar Observation of Shallow Lunar Regolith at the Chang’E-5 Landing Site: Research Progress and Perspectives

Fang,

Ding,

Feng

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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China accomplished a historic milestone in 2020 when the mission Chang’e-5 (CE-5) to the Lunar’s surface was successfully launched. An extraordinary component of this mission is the “Lunar Regolith Penetrating Radar” (LRPR) housed within its lander, which currently stands as the most advanced payload in terms of vertical resolution among all penetrating radars employed in lunar exploration. This provides an unprecedented opportunity for high-precision research into the interior structure of the shallow lunar regolith. Previous studies have achieved fruitful research results based on the data from LRPR, updating our perception of the shallow-level regolith of the Moon. This paper provides an overview of the new advancements achieved by the LRPR in observing the basic structure of the shallow regolith of the Moon. It places special emphasis on the role played by the LRPR in revealing details about the shallow lunar regolith’s structure, its estimated dielectric properties, the provenance of the regolith materials from the landing area, and its interpretation of the geological stratification at the landing site. Lastly, it envisions the application and developmental trends of in situ radar technology in future lunar exploration.

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The WISDOM radar on board the ExoMars 2022 Rover: Characterization and calibration of the flight model

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Rock Fragments in Shallow Lunar Regolith: Constraints by the Lunar Penetrating Radar Onboard the Chang'E‐4 Mission

Rock Fragments in Shallow Lunar Regolith: Constraints by the Lunar Penetrating Radar Onboard the Chang'E‐4 Mission

Water Ice Resources on the Shallow Subsurface of Mars: Indications to Rover-Mounted Radar Observation

In-Situ Radar Observation of Shallow Lunar Regolith at the Chang’E-5 Landing Site: Research Progress and Perspectives

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