The Wittenberg Circle

Wengert, Timothy J.

doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199604708.013.015

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Rubberwood has a dense grain character that is easily controlled in kiln drying processes [15]. Its texture is moderately coarse and even, its specific gravity ranges between 0.46 and 0.52, and it is easy to saw and plane, but tends to split upon nailing [24,25]. Rubberwood is highly susceptible to boring insects; but chemical treatments (boron impregnation and Copper, Chromium and Arsenic (CCA) impregnation, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in spite of the adoption of rubberwood as an alternative to convention timber for the production of struts and boarding materials in some parts of the country; where it is usually employed at moisture contents above the FSP. Rubberwood is presently extensively seasoned and utilized as furniture wood in Asia [25], some of its documented properties at 17.2% MC are: MOR~ 66N/mm . These values indicate fairly good material qualities for rubberwood as a structural material, and categorize it as a medium-dense timber [17,22,23] Rubberwood in Nigeria is of interest with regards to its present utility in the Nigerian construction industry, which is without reference to any form of characterization of its structural properties and the environment in which it is derived and employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization, Grading and Flexural Modelling of Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis); for the Local and International Construction Industry

Akpokodje

Uguru

Esegbuyota

2020

JERR

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Rubberwood, hitherto solely employed as fuel wood has found fairly suitable use in the Nigerian construction industry. This paper investigated the engineering properties of this low cost, alternative, timber material, produced from Rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis); often employed within two weeks of felling, for the construction of formworks and related wood works. No real attempt has been made to formally grade or coordinate the properties of rubber wood as employed in the Nigerian construction industry. The research was aimed to achieve the determination of the physical and mechanical properties of naturally seasoned rubber wood obtained from the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, and assigned to it a strength/grade class. Specific properties required for grading were determined using suitable standard methods. The structural and mechanical properties of the timber wood were determined using the three point bending test in accordance with standards presented by BS EN 408 and ASTM D193, but with an aspect ratio of 12. Characteristic values for the wood properties (at the tested moisture content “MC”) were determined in accordance with BS EN 384. Adjustments were made to the characteristic values for the mechanical properties, and the density of the timber species at the test MC; to conform with the international reference MC condition of 12% (as specified by BS EN 338), and also 18% MC, to suit standards required for the Nigerian environmental condition (NCP 2). Grading was carried out in accordance with BS EN 338. The characteristic values for the mechanical properties (at 12% and 18% MC) evaluated from test results are as follows; characteristic values for MOR and MOE were 20.191 N/mm2 and 19.283 N/mm2, and 2285.784 N/mm2 and 2195.606 N/mm2 respectively. Mean values for densities (at 12% and 18% MC) were 406.169 Kg/m3 and 431.058 Kg/m3, while the characteristic values for the related densities were 338.474 Kg/m3 and 359.215 Kg/m3. Furthermore, the mean green density and characteristic green density for the rubberwood were 988.148 Kg/m3 and 900.352 Kg/m3 respectively. From the results obtained, rubberwood procured from the Niger Delta region was categorized as a grade D30 and D35 timber material at 18% MC and 12% MC respectively. Rubberwood from the Niger Delta can be conveniently employed as an alternative material to conventional timber, in both the furniture and the construction industry, but with special considerations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, Grading and Flexural Modelling of Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis); for the Local and International Construction Industry

Akpokodje

Uguru

Esegbuyota

2020

JERR

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Newly wed in Wittenberg 1523 – And committed to the Lutheran Reformation

Potgieter

2015

In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi

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Protestant teaching questioned the redemptive value of Roman Catholic spirituality of the 16th century. Consequently many monks and nuns were led to leave their monasteries and convents. Elisabeth von Meseritz was a nun who found her way to Wittenberg. There she married and wrote the first protestant hymn as a woman clearly supportive of the Lutheran Reformation. The simplicity of Elisabeth’s story is a projection from one major event of her life to another ignoring the complexity of contexts and influences upon her which continued to shape her life. Instead of only focusing on the obvious highpoints of her story this article allows for the development of a fuller story that enriches understanding of an early protestant of the 16th century, a woman of the Lutheran Reformation.Pas getroud in Wittenberg 1523 – en toegewyd tot die Lutherse Reformasie. Protestantse leerstellings het die heilswaarde van die Rooms-Katolieke spiritualiteit van die sestiende eeu bevraagteken. Baie monnike en nonne het gevolglik hulle kloosters verlaat. Een van hulle was Elisabeth von Meseritz wat haar pad na Wittenberg gevind het. Daar is sy getroud en het die eerste protestantse lied as ’n vrou geskryf wat duidelik ondersteunend van die Lutherse Hervorming was. Die eenvoud van Elisabeth se storie is ’n projeksie van die een belangrike gebeurtenis van haar lewe na die volgende. Dit het die kompleksiteit van die konteks en die invloede wat voortgegaan het om haar lewe te vorm, geïgnoreer. In plaas daarvan om net op die voor die hand liggend hooftrekke van haar storie te fokus, maak hierdie artikel voorsiening vir die ontwikkeling van ’n verrykende storie met begrip vir die vroeë Protestantse sestiende eeuse vrou van die Lutherse Hervorming.

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The Wittenberg Circle

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Characterization, Grading and Flexural Modelling of Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis); for the Local and International Construction Industry

Characterization, Grading and Flexural Modelling of Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis); for the Local and International Construction Industry

Newly wed in Wittenberg 1523 – And committed to the Lutheran Reformation

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