The work of GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbH)

Heim, Stéphane

doi:10.3109/03093649609164413

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The objective in urban freight systems is diverse when comparing cities worldwide (Dablanc, 2011). The priority in many European cities is to protect urban residents from noise and preserve historic town centres, whereas cities in developing economies focus on enhancing the economic efficiency of urban centres while mitigating congestion and air pollution (Herzog, 2010). Moreover, the level of adoption of urban logistics measures varies between cities at different levels of economic development.…”

Section: Contexts Of Urban Freight In Developing Economiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, because of the structure of the economy and the dynamics of doing business (Dablanc, 2011), cities worldwide face unique challenges with distinct aims or priorities and varying levels of adoption of remedial 1. Introduction measures (Herzog, 2010). For instance, cities in developed countries exhibit fast-paced changes with lower store inventories, just-in-time (JIT) supplies to businesses and more frequent and customised deliveries of a wide variety of products on the market with the rise in the service economy .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, a lack of freight/commodity flow surveys in developing countries hinders the development of freight generation (FG)/trip generation (FTG) models (Pani et al, 2018). Another important factor in FG/FTG modelling is the industry classification system Gonzalez-Feliu & Sánchez-Díaz, 2019), as the industries in developing countries are highly fragmented (Herzog, 2010). Moreover, accounting for inherent spatial issues could improve FG/FTG models, which usually have low explanatory power (Novak et al, 2011;Sánchez-Díaz et al, 2016;Pani et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterising and Modelling Urban Freight in Developing Economies

Reda¹

2023

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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Urban freight systems in developing countries present significant challenges due to their complexity. Authorities often have inadequate institutional structures, making it difficult to identify and implement relevant initiatives. This thesis aims to characterise the systems in developing economies and model freight demand using innovative approaches by considering new attributes, dimensions and alternatives. As a first modelling step, freight (trip) generation was improved by considering spatial and locational determinants, as freight activities are strongly related to spatial and locational characteristics of establishments. Spatial models were developed using a combined spatial autoregressive model (SAR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) or multiscale GWR (MGWR) (GWR/MGWR-SAR model). This model accounted for non-linearity, spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependency and demonstrated significant improvements (R2 0.29-0.71, RMSE reduced by 71% and AIC value by 56%). Shipment size decisions related to the choice of truck type were strongly timedependent, with commodity type, activities at the trip end, truck body type and industry sector affecting the preferences. Freight demand, including shipment size choices, was influenced by economic fluctuations, with shipment size declining after an economic slowdown. In freight demand modelling, it is imperative to consider economic conditions, especially those in developing countries, which are often susceptible to strong economic fluctuations. The models were applied in ex ante testing of a policy restricting large trucks from entering a city centre, as commonly considered in many developing countries. In tests, the truck restriction was accompanied by single-tier and two-tier distribution systems. The results showed that the two-tier system had a slight advantage over the single-tier system regarding operational expenditure and emission levels. Truck restriction was generally counterproductive, even when accompanied by distribution systems with greater speed and efficiency. We conclude that the models enhance the accurate prediction of freight demand patterns. The ex ante evaluation of policy alternatives supports the decision-making process for urban freight systems of large cities in developing economies. The models allow considering relevant practical, local contextual conditions.

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Section: Contexts Of Urban Freight In Developing Economiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Characterising and Modelling Urban Freight in Developing Economies

Reda¹

2023

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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“…However, what scholarship understands as constituting legitimacythe process of legitimationhas changed significantly. Whereas the field was once dominated by the liberal peacebuilding assumption that legitimacy would spring from democratization and capacity-building (e.g., Jeong 2005, 84;Brinkerhoff 2007, 5), authors like Ken Clements (2008Clements ( , 2014, we now see local ideas about governance as the sine qua non of post-war legitimacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Part of the answer lies in the interpretation of ideas. Ideas have certainly been recognized as salient to post-war legitimacy, for example in Clements' (2008Clements' ( , 2014 Grounded Legitimacy theory, rectifying naïve liberal universalism. However, without a means of analyzing the interpretation of those ideas by agents, these theories are at risk of essentialization, or assuming that a widely held ideology (such as nationalism) automatically creates prescriptions for legitimate governance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kosovo’s Competing Nationalisms: Theorizing an Internal Challenge to Rebel Victor Legitimacy

Toman Grief

2023

Nationalities Papers

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This article highlights the significance of Lëvizja Vetëvendosje’s (LVV) left-wing Kosovar Albanian nationalist challenge to the authoritarian and patrimonial nationalist system of Kosovo’s rebel victors. LVV used the political settlement’s own legitimizing metanarrative – that of Kosovar Albanian nationalism – to bolster their own legitimacy while undermining that of post-war elites drawn from organizations active in the conflict of the 1990s. A methodology based on Discursive Institutionalism makes sense of LVV’s position as both a challenger of rebel victors but also as a representative of the same ideological culture that underpins Kosovo’s political culture. There are two key contributions here. Empirically, this study characterizes LVV as a nationalist challenge to the rebel victor parties rather than as a distinctively nationalist or a protest party. The second contribution is theoretical: peacebuilding and political settlements theories must take a more dynamic and agency-sensitive view of legitimacy creation than they have hitherto.

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Natural Refrigerant on Board Marine Vessels

Glavan

Poljak

Mustać

et al. 2022

JMTS

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The paper deals with the topic of refrigerants, their historical evolution, applied legislation and trends in maritime affairs. Regarding the Environmental care paper considers the impact of refrigerants of refrigeration systems, both on stationary plants on land and on plants on board. New regulations of the European Union, and IMO maritime organization, require the reduction and complete abolition of harmful synthetic refrigerants and the introduction of new refrigerants that will have a significant economic and environmental impact. The trend is the introduction of natural refrigerants as a replacement for existing environmentally unacceptable ones. On-board refrigeration systems introduce natural refrigerants such as ammonia and carbon dioxide into applications that require lower refrigeration temperatures. Absorption cooling plants are introduced into air conditioning applications on board the ship. They work with water/lithium bromide (H2O/LiBr) mixtures, thus increasing the efficiency of the plant and reducing the impact on the environment.

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The work of GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbH)

Cited by 3 publications

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Characterising and Modelling Urban Freight in Developing Economies

Characterising and Modelling Urban Freight in Developing Economies

Kosovo’s Competing Nationalisms: Theorizing an Internal Challenge to Rebel Victor Legitimacy

Natural Refrigerant on Board Marine Vessels

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