The World Bank on Mind, Behaviour and Society

Klein, Elise

doi:10.1111/dech.12308

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…We were surprised to find a general lack of evidence for and relatively little attention paid to behaviour-related outcomes among the meta-studies we reviewed, not least given the attention that behavioural thinking has garnered in recent years in development research and policymaking in general (Klein, 2017;World Bank, 2015) and in discussions of financial inclusion in particular (Karlan et al, 2014). Relatively few meta-studies explicitly discussed behavioural changes, and none focused on them.…”

Section: Behavioural Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact of financial inclusion in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of reviews

Duvendack¹,

Mader²

2019

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| PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY | Financial inclusion interventions have very small and inconsistent impactsA wide range of financial inclusion programmes seek to increase poor people's access to financial services to enhance the welfare of poor and low-income households in low-and middle-income countries. The impacts of financial inclusion interventions are small and variable.Although some services have some positive effects for some people, overall financial inclusion may be no better than comparable alternatives, such as graduation or livelihoods interventions. | What is this review about?Financial inclusion programmes seek to increase access to financial services such as credit, savings, insurance and money transfers and so allow poor and low-income households in low-and middle-income countries to enhance their welfare, grasp opportunities, mitigate shocks, and ultimately escape poverty. This systematic review of reviews assesses the evidence on economic, social, behavioural and gender-related outcomes from financial inclusion. 1.3 | What are the main findings of this review? 1.3.1 | What studies are included? This review includes studies that synthesise the findings of other studies (meta-studies) regarding the impacts of a range of financial inclusion interventions on economic, social, gender and behavioural outcomes. A total of 32 such meta-studies were identified, of which 11 were of sufficient methodological quality to be included in the final analysis. The review examined meta-studies from 2010 onwards that spanned the globe in terms of geographical coverage.Impacts are more likely to be positive than negative, but the effects vary, are often mixed, and appear not to be transformative in scope or scale, as they largely occur in the early stages of the causal chain of effects. Overall, the effects of financial services on core economic poverty indicators such as incomes, assets or spending, and on health status and other social outcomes, are small and inconsistent. Moreover, there is no evidence for meaningful behaviour-change outcomes leading to further positive effects.The effects of financial services on women's empowerment appear to be generally positive, but they depend upon programme features which are often only peripheral or unrelated to the financial service What is the aim of this review?This systematic review of reviews systematically collects and appraises all of the existing meta-studies-that is systematic reviews and meta-analyses-of the impact of financial inclusion.The authors first analyse the strength of the methods used in those meta-studies, then synthesize the findings from those that are of a sufficient quality, and finally, report the implications for policy, programming, practice and further research arising from the evidence. Eleven studies are included in the analysis.---

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Section: Behavioural Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact of financial inclusion in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of reviews

Duvendack¹,

Mader²

2019

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“…However, the influence of psychological science is not merely as a descriptive account of human experience; in addition, people actively appropriate the knowledge base of psychology to promote some habits of mind and ways of being over others. Institutional actors take the neoliberal selfways documented in psychological research, elevate them to the level of natural standard, invest them with prescriptive force, and impose them upon institutional practices of social regulation (Klein, , ). Far from being a disinterested bystander, hegemonic forms of psychological science provide an epistemic foundation for—and sometimes participate in—the naturalization, legitimation, and institutionalization of neoliberalism and its consequences.…”

Section: Psychological Science As a Site For Reproduction Of Neolibermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intellectual architects of neoliberalism crafted this worldview from an epistemology that prioritized psychology and subjective experience over more sociological and cultural perspectives (Gane, ). Due to the importance that neoliberalism places on investment in human capital as a source of creativity, growth, and expansion (Foucault, ), proponents have prioritized psychology as the scientific source of techniques for forming individuals who would exemplify neoliberal selfways (Bhatia & Priya, ; Klein, ). Proponents of neoliberalism in U.S. and U.K. governments have appropriated techniques from behavioral economics—a discipline with deep roots in experimental social psychology—to encourage individuals to behave more like the self‐interested, rational agents that neoliberalism assumes (Jones, Pykett, & Whitehead, ; McMahon, ).…”

Section: Psychological Science As a Site For Reproduction Of Neolibermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, discourses of individual responsibility shape understandings of poverty and economic inequality. Reflecting neoliberal individualistic models of mind and behavior, prevalent constructions of economic growth emphasize characteristics of self‐interested individuals capable of acting independently from their material and societal context (Klein, ). From this perspective, economic scarcity is the result of poor choices and deficient attributes, such as insufficient motivation or grit (Duckworth, ), that deviate from the individualistic standard and require corrective interventions (Estrada‐Villalta & Adams, ).…”

Section: Psychological Science As a Site For Reproduction Of Neolibermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Psychology of Neoliberalism and the Neoliberalism of Psychology

Adams

Estrada-Villalta

Sullivan

et al. 2019

Journal of Social Issues

197

199

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In this article, we approach the relationship between neoliberalism and psychological science from the theoretical perspective of cultural psychology. In the first section, we trace how engagement with neoliberal systems results in characteristic tendencies-including a radical abstraction of self from social and material context, an entrepreneurial understanding of self as an ongoing development project, an imperative for personal growth and fulfillment, and an emphasis on affect management for self-regulation-that increasingly constitute the knowledge base of mainstream psychological science. However, as we consider in the second section, psychological science is not just an observer of neoliberalism and its impact on psychological experience. Instead, by studying psychological processes independent of cultural-ecological or historical context and by championing individual growth and affective regulation as the key to optimal well-being, psychological scientists reproduce and reinforce the influence and authority of neoliberal systems. Rather than a disinterested bystander, hegemonic forms of psychological science are thoroughly implicated in the neoliberal project.

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“…We were surprised to find a general lack of evidence for and relatively little attention paid to behaviour-related outcomes among the meta-studies we reviewed, not least given the attention that behavioural thinking has garnered in recent years in development research and policymaking in general (World Bank 2015, Klein 2017) and in discussions of financial inclusion in particular (Karlan et al 2014). Relatively few meta-studies explicitly discussed behavioural changes, and none focused on them.…”

Section: Behavioural Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Parental, community and familial support for children’s literacy in developing countries

Spier¹,

Britto²,

Pigott³

et al. 2016

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About 3ieThe International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding, producing and synthesising high-quality evidence of what works, for whom, how, why and at what cost. We believe that using better and policy-relevant evidence helps to make development more effective and improve people's lives. 3ie systematic reviews 3ie systematic reviews appraise and synthesise the available high-quality evidence on the effectiveness of social and economic development interventions in low-and middleincome countries. These reviews follow scientifically recognised review methods, and are peer-reviewed and quality assured according to internationally accepted standards. 3ie is providing leadership in demonstrating rigorous and innovative review methodologies, such as using theory-based approaches suited to inform policy and programming in the dynamic contexts and challenges of low-and middle-income countries.

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The World Bank on Mind, Behaviour and Society

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Impact of financial inclusion in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of reviews

Impact of financial inclusion in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of reviews

The Psychology of Neoliberalism and the Neoliberalism of Psychology

Parental, community and familial support for children’s literacy in developing countries

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