The world-class Jiangnan tungsten belt: Geologicalcharacteristics, metallogeny, and ore deposit model

Mao, Jingwen; Wu, Sheng-Hua; Song, Shiwei; Dai, Pengcheng; Xie, Ganquan; Su, Qiangwei; Liu, Peng; Wang, Xianguang; Yu, Zhiming; Xiang-yun, Chen; Tang, Weixin

doi:10.1360/tb-2020-0370

Cited by 63 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, many researchers have found W mineralization in Cu deposits [33]. This phenomenon is also present in the Tongshanling ore field, where W mineralization is found in both skarn and quartz veins [34,35].…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 94%

Geochronology, Whole-Rock Geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf Isotopes of Granitoids in the Tongshanling Ore Field, South China: Insights into Cu and W Metallogenic Specificity

et al. 2022

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The Qin-Hang Metallogenic Belt (QHMB), an important metallogenic belt in South China, hosts Cu and W–Sn polymetallic deposits. The Tongshanling ore field in the QHMB is characterized by the coexistence of Cu- and W-bearing polymetallic deposits, which are related to granodiorite and granite porphyry. This study examined whole-rock geochemistry, geochronology, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes to determine the genetic relationship between diverse ore-related granitoids (i.e., granodiorite and granite porphyry) and Cu–W metallogeny in the Tongshanling ore field. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating shows that the granodiorite and granite porphyry in the Tongshanling ore field were emplaced at 163.7 ± 0.4 Ma to 154.7 ± 0.6 Ma and 161.1 ± 0.3 Ma, respectively. Geochemically, the granodiorites are classified as oxidized I-type, while the highly evolved granite porphyry is reduced A-type. The Lu–Hf isotopic composition of the granodiorites is characterized by εHf(t) values ranging from –10.49 to –4.99 (average = –7.17), with corresponding TDMC ages ranging from 1524 to 1877 Ma (average = 1682 Ma). In contrast, the granite porphyry has higher εHf(t) values (–3.60 to –1.58, average = –2.78) and younger TDMC (1310–1438 Ma, average = 1387 Ma). The εNd(t) values of granodiorite are −8.06 to −7.37 and the two-stage model ages (TDM2) are 1543–1598 Ma, while the granite porphyry has higher εNd(t) values (−3.0 to −3.4) and younger TDM2 ages (1195–1223 Ma). The results show that the granodiorite and granite porphyry were formed from partial melting of different Mesoproterozoic basement rocks under varying degrees of crust–mantle interaction. Granite porphyry underwent well-recorded fractional crystallization. Compared to the Cu-forming granodiorite, the W-forming granite porphyry has a higher differentiation index, higher crystallization temperatures of zircon (average = 708 °C versus 631 °C), and lower oxygen fugacity (median ΔFMQ = –2.21 versus –1.77).

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Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 94%

Geochronology, Whole-Rock Geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf Isotopes of Granitoids in the Tongshanling Ore Field, South China: Insights into Cu and W Metallogenic Specificity

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, the Neoproterozoic Jiuling granite-diorite batholith (828±8 Ma), the largest granitic batholith in South China Duan et al, 2019), is intruded by small Mesozoic granitic plutons (152-125 Ma). It is these granitic plutons are accompanied by large-scale W mineralization forming the world-class W metallogenic province (Feng et al, 2012;Huang and Jiang, 2013;Chen et al, 2016;Mao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a younger gold-uranium metallogenic event was recently discovered to take place at 126-123 Ma, which was related to A-type granites (Zhou et al, 2008b(Zhou et al, , 2017. The JNMB is a newly delineated world-class W-Cu metallogenic belt (Figure 1) with a proven resource of 6.06 million tons (Mao et al, 2020). Located in the middle of the Yangtze block, the JNMB is spatially parallel to the YMB on the northern side and has a similar metallogenic time periods (150-135 and 130-125 Ma) to those of the YMB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Located in the middle of the Yangtze block, the JNMB is spatially parallel to the YMB on the northern side and has a similar metallogenic time periods (150-135 and 130-125 Ma) to those of the YMB. The de-posits are mainly skarn-type, porphyry-like-type, and quartz vein-type, with representatives of the largest Zhuxi W deposits in the world (Chen et al, 2016;Ouyang et al, 2019), the superlarge Dahutang W-Cu deposit, which is rich in polymetallic mineralization (Xiang et al, 2012;Duan and Jiang, 2017), and the large-scale Dongping W deposit (Mao et al, 2020). The QHMB is located to the south of the JNMB and extends along the Neoproterozoic suture zone between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The deep background of large-scale, Mesozoic Cu-Au-W metallogenesis in northeastern South China: Constraints from Yingshan-Changshan wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction data

Hou

Lü

et al. 2022

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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To investigate the geodynamic processes of Mesozoic large-scale mineralization in South China, we deployed a 350km-long, wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction sounding profile between Yingshan in Hubei and Changshan in Zhejiang. This profile traverses the Cu-Au metallogenic belt in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (YMB), the Jiangnan Wpolymetal metallogenic belt (JNMB), and the Qinhang Cu-polymetal metallogenic belt (QHMB). Our imaging results reveal various interesting velocity features along the profile. (1) The velocity structure is characterized by vertical layering and horizontal blocking; (2) the YMB is marked by high velocity and high V p /V s ratios in general with a significantly uplifted Moho interface and a thin crust of ~31 km, and the lower crust contains high-velocity anomalies and has the characteristics of a crustmantle transition zone; (3) the JNMB is bounded by the Jiangnan fault and Jingdezhen-Huangshan fault and has low-velocity anomalies and low V p /V s ratios; and (4) the QHMB is characterized by high-velocity anomalies and high V p /V s ratios. The highvelocity anomalies in the YMB and QHMB represent relatively Cu-Au-rich mafic juvenile lower crust. The formation of this kind of crust is considered to be related to mantle-derived magma underplating or residues of Neoproterozoic oceanic crustal materials, and it also provided sources for large-scale Cu-Au mineralization in the Mesozoic. The JNMB has features similar to those of ancient crusts enriched in W-Sn, the partial melting of which played a leading role in the formation of the superlarge W deposits in this belt. Considering these results and other regional geological data, we propose that a large-scale oblique upwelling of the asthenosphere along the collisional belt of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks during the Mesozoic was the deep driving mechanism for the explosive mineralization of Cu, Au, and W in northeastern South China. The boundaries of the blocks or terrains and discontinuities of the lithosphere were the main channels for deep heat and magmas and therefore controlled the spatial distribution of the metallogenic belt.Keywords Northeastern South China, Metallogenic belt of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction, Yingshan-Changshan seismic profile, Crustal velocity structure.

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“…During the Indosinian (Triassic)-Yanshanian (Jurassic) Orogeny, the Paleo-Tethys closure, the Indochina-South China collision, and the Paleo-Pacific subduction and slab rollback likely caused the widespread late Mesozoic I-S-type granites, and formed the regional NE-NNE-trending tectonic patterns and large-scale W, Sn, Bi, Mo, Co, Au and Ag mineralization at ca. 177-170 Ma [12,25,[31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of Chaxi Gold Deposit in Southwestern Hunan Province, Jiangnan Orogen (South China): Constraints from Fluid Inclusions, H-O-S-Pb Isotopes, and Pyrite Trace Element Concentrations

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2022

Minerals

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The Chaxi gold deposit is located in the southwestern Hunan Province (South China). Extremely high-grade (up to 3 × 105 g/t, avg. 5.3 g/t) Au mineralization is developed in quartz-sulfide veins controlled by WNW- and NNE-trending faults. The sulfide/sulfosalt assemblage is dominated by pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena, with minor tetrahedrite and chalcocite. The alteration includes beresitization and carbonation. Based on the vein crosscutting relationship and mineral assemblages, the hydrothermal period comprises three stages: (1) pre-ore quartz-pyrite, (2) syn-ore quartz-ankerite-native gold-sulfide-sulfosalts, and (3) post-ore quartz-calcite-pyrite alteration. The Au occurrence is dominated by native gold, with minor native Au nanoparticles (inside sulfides) as indicated by EPMA. Fluid inclusions (FIs) in the ore-related quartz yielded homogenization temperatures and salinities of 139.6–267.1 °C and 2.7–17.6 wt.% NaClequiv (Stage I), 137.5–387.2 °C and 2.7–19.9 wt.% NaClequiv (Stage II), and 139.7–330.5 °C and 3.1–21.4 wt.% NaClequiv (Stage III). Such varying and high FI salinities can be attributed to fluid boiling. The calculated δ18OH2O values are of 2.40–5.63‰, and the fluid inclusion δD values for quartz are of −71.73 to −49.8‰. The auriferous sulfide δ34S values (6.26–19.33‰) overlap with those of the Chang’an formation (16.31–21.66‰) and Banxi Group metamorphic rocks. The auriferous sulfides have 206Pb/204Pb = 16.7215–17.2281, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.4413–15.6177, and 208Pb/204Pb = 36.9731–38.7232, distinct from those of the wallrocks. The analyzed pyrites yield Co/Ni ratio > 1 (0.539–77.000, avg. 10.559). The isotope (H, O, S, Pb) signatures coupled with EPMA results indicate that the ore-forming fluids were derived from the magmatic fluid and mixed with meteoric water, and the Pb was originated from the mantle. The ore sulfur was likely leached from the Neoproterozoic meta-clastic rocks. The Chaxi gold mineralization shares many geological and geochemical similarities with (albeit also with minor differences) typical orogenic gold deposits, and is best classified as broad sense orogenic deposit, as proposed for many other gold deposits in the Jiangnan Orogen.

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The world-class Jiangnan tungsten belt: Geologicalcharacteristics, metallogeny, and ore deposit model

Cited by 63 publications

References 35 publications

Geochronology, Whole-Rock Geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf Isotopes of Granitoids in the Tongshanling Ore Field, South China: Insights into Cu and W Metallogenic Specificity

Geochronology, Whole-Rock Geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf Isotopes of Granitoids in the Tongshanling Ore Field, South China: Insights into Cu and W Metallogenic Specificity

The deep background of large-scale, Mesozoic Cu-Au-W metallogenesis in northeastern South China: Constraints from Yingshan-Changshan wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction data

Genesis of Chaxi Gold Deposit in Southwestern Hunan Province, Jiangnan Orogen (South China): Constraints from Fluid Inclusions, H-O-S-Pb Isotopes, and Pyrite Trace Element Concentrations

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