The Xenes Generations: A Taxonomy of Epitaxial Single‐Element 2D Materials

Abstract

Xenes are two‐dimensional monoelemental materials beyond graphene ranging from silicene through borophene and to tellurene. Allessandro Molle and co‐workers (article number http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/pssr.201900439) review the rise of the Xenes and classify them in two generations from its early stage up to now. The attention is specifically paid to the epitaxial methodologies for the Xene synthesis approaches and to key‐characteristics, like scalability, quality, and stability, which enable the Xenes integration into diverse nanotechnology platforms.

Catalysis Mediated by 2D Black Phosphorus Either Pristine or Decorated with Transition Metals Species

“…Nowadays, it is currently possible to distinguish between elemental 2D materials (borophene, graphene, phosphorene, antimonene, etc.) [1] or polynuclear compounds, such as hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN), transition metal dichalcogenides (MX 2 ) [2], the so-called MXenes (transition metals carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) [3], 2D alloys [4], and many others. Phosphorene, as has been called the monolayer that was obtained from the exfoliation of black phosphorus crystals, is the 2D material that has, so far, received more attention beside graphene.…”

Two‐Dimensional Semiconductors: Present and Future Challenges

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There is a booming interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials, which are nowadays dominating the landscape of the nanotechnology field. As reviewed [2] by A. Molle and co-workers, this regards the family of M-Xenes, which are mono-elemental 2D materials originating from the boron (B, Ga), carbon (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb), pnictogen (P, As, Sb, Bi), and chalcogen (Se, Te) groups of the periodic table. [1] To reflect the strong interest of the scientific community towards this hot topic, a Symposium specifically addressing the applications of 2D semiconductor materials has been organized within the frames of the E-MRS Spring Meeting 2019 which took place in Nice (France).

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“…Historically, one can distinguish the first generation of Xenes, strictly related to the carbon group and inspired by graphene, [3] whose most famous representative is silicene. Following this growing interest, current research is addressing heavier elements of the same group, [2] such as arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene that have the advantage of larger spin-orbit coupling and higher ambient stability than phosphorene.Next to mono-elemental 2D materials, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) take on great importance for their complementary properties. A notable example is phosphorene, [1] synthesized mainly by mechanical or liquid exfoliation or by plasma treatment, [5] that has gained great interest for its peculiar chemical and physical properties.…”

“…As reviewed [2] by A. Molle and co-workers, this regards the family of M-Xenes, which are mono-elemental 2D materials originating from the boron (B, Ga), carbon (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb), pnictogen (P, As, Sb, Bi), and chalcogen (Se, Te) groups of the periodic table. As reviewed [2] by A. Molle and co-workers, this regards the family of M-Xenes, which are mono-elemental 2D materials originating from the boron (B, Ga), carbon (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb), pnictogen (P, As, Sb, Bi), and chalcogen (Se, Te) groups of the periodic table.…”

“…A notable example is phosphorene, [1] synthesized mainly by mechanical or liquid exfoliation or by plasma treatment, [5] that has gained great interest for its peculiar chemical and physical properties. Following this growing interest, current research is addressing heavier elements of the same group, [2] such as arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene that have the advantage of larger spin-orbit coupling and higher ambient stability than phosphorene. Following this growing interest, current research is addressing heavier elements of the same group, [2] such as arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene that have the advantage of larger spin-orbit coupling and higher ambient stability than phosphorene.…”