The Xenopus Sox3 gene expressed in oocytes of early stages

Koyano, Satoru; Ito, Michihiko; Takamatsu, Nobuhiko; Takiguchi, Sumiyo; Shiba, Tadayoshi

doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00790-1

Cited by 68 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As an example, the xSox12 gene in Xenopus laevis is found in both sexes, but is expressed mainly in the ovaries [31]. Similarly, in this species a gene sequence homologous to Sox3, that is believed to be the ancestral gene of SRY [32], has been found to be expressed exclusively in the ovaries [33]. However xSox18 is expressed moderately in the testis and is undetectable in the ovary [34].…”

Section: Genes Involved In Gonadal Sex Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sex determination: the amphibian models

2004

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-We review and discuss current knowledge about sex determination in amphibians. The astonishing wide variety of mechanisms of genotypic sex determination is presented and discussed in an evolutionary context. We recall the natural occurrence of transitory juvenile hermaphroditism in some species. Our present knowledge of the mechanisms of sex determination in amphibians is compared to that in mammals. The influence of epigenetic factors, and especially temperature is highlighted. In amphibians, the influence of temperature on sexual differentiation, that can prevail over genotypic sex determination, remains poorly considered in publications. We suggest that studies on genetic and epigenetic factors of gonadal sex differentiation in amphibians could provide substantial information on the evolutionary process of sex determination mechanisms in current living vertebrates.sex determination mechanisms / sexual differentiation / hermaphroditism / epigenetic factors

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Section: Genes Involved In Gonadal Sex Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Sex determination: the amphibian models

2004

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“…To establish whether transcripts representative of different somatic cell lineages are present in a Xenopus oocyte, we tested MyoD1 [16], Myf4 [17] and Myf5 [18], Xbrachyury [19], eomesodermin [20], and beta globin [21] as representative of the mesodermal lineage, NeuroD1 [22], FoxD1 [23], and Sox3 [24] representing the ectodermal lineage, Arg1 [25] representing the endodermal lineage, Pou25 [26] and Pou60 [27] representing pluripotency genes, B4 as an oocyte-specific gene [28], and PRC1 [29] as a representative of cytokinesis regulators (Table 2). We found that transcripts of all these lineages, mostly somatic, are present in lampbrush-stage oocytes.…”

Section: Xenopus Tropicalis Oocytes Contain a Wide Variety Of Transcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread Transcription in an Amphibian Oocyte Relates to Its Reprogramming Activity on Transplanted Somatic Nuclei

Simeoni

Gilchrist²,

Garrett

et al. 2012

Stem Cells and Development

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Amphibian oocytes have the special ability to directly induce the transcription of pluripotency and other genes in transplanted somatic nuclei. To this extent, oocytes induce a stem cell-like pattern of transcription in somatic cell nuclei. We ask whether the induced transcription in transplanted nuclei reflects the normal transcriptional activity of oocyte genes. We describe here the transcript content of a wide range of genes in Xenopus tropicalis oocytes. Using accurate quantitation, we find that each mature oocyte has accumulated several hundred transcripts of cell-type specific genes. This value is several orders of magnitude greater than the ''leakage'' level found in most somatic cells and about the same level found in somatic cells where these genes are fully expressed. Illumina sequencing confirms the high transcript content of a mature Xenopus oocyte. Most of the transcripts from these highly expressed genes in oocytes are correctly and efficiently spliced. Our results contribute a more quantitative view of certain amphibian oocyte transcripts than previously available. Our results also show that transplanted somatic nuclei conform, with respect to the genes analyzed, to the transcriptional characteristics of the recipient oocytes.

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“…The yeast two-hybrid screening was performed as described (Shimizu et al, 2001) using a Xenopus egg cDNA library as many components of the TGFβ signalling pathway are maternally expressed (Horb and Thomsen, 1997;Koyano et al, 1997;Shimizu et al, 2001). …”

Section: The Yeast Two-hybrid Screenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative regulation of Smad2 by PIASy is required for properXenopusmesoderm formation

et al. 2004

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Mesoderm induction and patterning are primarily regulated by the concentration of locally expressed morphogens such as members of the TGFβsuperfamily. Smad2 functions as a transcription factor to regulate expression of mesodermal genes downstream of such morphogens. We have identified Xenopus PIASy (XPIASy), a member of the PIAS family, by yeast two-hybrid screening using Xenopus Smad2 (XSmad2) as a bait. During mesoderm induction, XPIASy is expressed in the animal half of embryos with a ventral high-dorsal low gradient at the marginal zone. XPIASyexpression is positively and negatively regulated by activities of the XSmad2 and Wnt pathways, respectively. Interestingly, inhibition of XPIASy by morpholinos induces elongation of animal caps with induction of mesoderm genes even in the absence of their morphogen-mediated activation. In addition, their introduction into the ventral marginal zone results in a secondary axis formation. Gain-of-function analysis revealed that XPIASy inhibits mesoderm induction by specific and direct downregulation of XSmad2 transcriptional activity. These observations indicate that XPIASy functions as an essential negative regulator of the XSmad2 pathway to ensure proper mesoderm induction at the appropriate time and in the appropriate region, and suggest that both the initial step of morphogen-mediated activation of the XSmad2 pathway and regulation of the final downstream transcription step have crucial roles in mesoderm induction and patterning.

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The Xenopus Sox3 gene expressed in oocytes of early stages

Cited by 68 publications

References 24 publications

Sex determination: the amphibian models

Sex determination: the amphibian models

Widespread Transcription in an Amphibian Oocyte Relates to Its Reprogramming Activity on Transplanted Somatic Nuclei

Negative regulation of Smad2 by PIASy is required for properXenopusmesoderm formation

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