The Yale Outcome Study: Outcomes for Graduates with and without Dyslexia

Abstract

Dyslexia is defined in recent federal legislation as an unexpected difficulty in reading for an individual who has the intelligence to be a much better reader. Despite its high prevalence (20%), there have been few studies of the experience and outcome of dyslexic students at selective 4-year colleges. We examined academic and social experiences in college and outcome in the workplace 5 or more years after graduation in Yale graduates with dyslexia compared with a matched group of Yale graduates who were typical readers. Dyslexic college graduates did not differ from typical graduates in college and the workplace. Parents of dyslexic children often ask about their child’s future. These findings should reassure those professionals (including pediatric neuropsychologists, school psychologists and pediatricians) that dyslexic students can be successful in school and go on to succeed and thrive at selective colleges.

The Neglected 15%: Positive Effects of Hybrid Human-AI Tutoring Among Students with Disabilities

“…In this work, we use the term "students receiving special education services," where possible, to refer to students with an IEP, officially identified by schools as having a disability. This terminology is preferred over "students with disabilities" to account for the possibility that some students may have unidentified disabilities (e.g., an estimated 20% of U.S. students are believed to have dyslexia [24], with the majority undiagnosed) or disabilities that do not qualify for an IEP (e.g., those covered by a 504 plan governed by Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act), which are not the focus of this present work. Using "students receiving special education services" also avoids labeling and defining students based on their disability.…”

Are Dyslexic People more Creative? Myth or Reality: A Meta-analysis

“…Study 3 Lockiewicz et al ( 2014) Martinelli et al (2018) Pachalska et al ( 2009) Shaywitz et al (2020). Female Shaywitz et al (2020). Male Tafti et al (2009)…”