The Yasmina necropolis at Carthage, 1992

Norman, Naomi J.; Haeckl, Anne E.

doi:10.1017/s1047759400011570

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Of approximately 2100 glass fragments recovered in the excavations at Yasmina, about 360 diagnostic pieces (rims, bases, handles) from the northern part of the site were initially chosen for typological study (Sterrett-Krause 2006, 2009. Virtually all of the glass fragments were found in late sixthor early seventh-century landfilling layers that covered the burial ground, converting the area to other uses (Norman 2002;Norman and Haeckl 1993;Sterrett-Krause 2006). Thus, very few objects could be dated based on stratigraphic relationships.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The burial ground extends beyond the area of excavation; it contains a wide variety of burial and monument types dating from the late first to the sixth centuries CE (Annabi 1992;Norman 2002;Norman 2003;Norman and Haeckl 1993). While the presence of substantial amounts of glass waste and chunks of raw glass amongst the finds points to the existence of an active secondary glassworking tradition at Carthage during this time, the various types of raw glass identified provide crucial data for assessing the nature of the economic activities and the continuity of maritime trade in context of political fragmentation towards the end of the western Roman Empire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glass groups, glass supply and recycling in late Roman Carthage

Schibille

Sterrett-Krause

Freestone

2016

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

119

115

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Carthage played an important role in maritime exchange networks during the Roman and late antique periods. One hundred ten glass fragments dating to the third to sixth centuries CE from a secondary deposit at the Yasmina Necropolis in Carthage have been analysed by electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) to characterise the supply of glass to the city. Detailed bivariate and multivariate data analysis identified different primary glass groups and revealed evidence of extensive recycling. Roman mixed antimony and manganese glasses with MnO contents in excess of 250 ppm were clearly the product of recycling, while iron, potassium and phosphorus oxides were frequent contaminants. Primary glass sources were discriminated using TiO 2 as a proxy for heavy minerals (ilmenite/spinel), Al 2 O 3 for feldspar and SiO 2 for quartz in the glassmaking sands. It was thus possible to draw conclusions about the chronological and geographical attributions of the primary glass types. Throughout much of the period covered in this study, glassworkers in Carthage utilised glass from both Egyptian and Levantine sources. Based on their geochemical characteristics, we conclude that Roman antimony and Roman manganese glasses originated from Egypt and the Levant, respectively, and were more or less simultaneously worked at Carthage in the fourth century as attested by their mixed recycling (Roman Sb-Mn). In the later fourth and early fifth centuries, glasses from Egypt (HIMT) and the Levant (two Levantine I groups) continued to be imported to Carthage, although the Egyptian HIMT is less well represented at Yasmina than in many other late antique glass assemblages. In contrast, in the later fifth and sixth centuries, glass seems to have been almost exclusively sourced from Egypt in the form of a manganese-decolourised glass originally described and characterised by Foy and colleagues (2003). Hence, the Yasmina assemblage testifies to significant fluctuations in the supply of glass to Carthage that require further attention.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass groups, glass supply and recycling in late Roman Carthage

Schibille

Sterrett-Krause

Freestone

2016

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

119

115

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“…In addition, most molecular gas has supersonic turbulence (Zuckerman & Evans 1974). The persistence of such turbulence over the inferred lifetimes of clouds in the face of rapid damping mechanisms (Goldreich & Kwan 1974) suggests constant replenishment, most likely in a process of self-regulated star formation (Norman & Silk 1980, Bertoldi & McKee 1996, since star formation is accompanied by energetic outflows, jets, and winds (Bachiller 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Conditions in Regions of Star Formation

Evans

1999

Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.

564

379

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The physical conditions in molecular clouds control the nature and rate of star formation, with consequences for planet formation and galaxy evolution. The focus of this review is on the conditions that characterize regions of star formation in our Galaxy. A review of the tools and tracers for probing physical conditions includes summaries of generally applicable results. Further discussion distinguishes between the formation of low-mass stars in relative isolation and formation in a clustered environment. Evolutionary scenarios and theoretical predictions are more developed for isolated star formation, and observational tests are beginning to interact strongly with the theory. Observers have identified dense cores collapsing to form individual stars or binaries, and analysis of some of these support theoretical models of collapse. Stars of both low and high mass form in clustered environments, but massive stars form almost exclusively in clusters. The theoretical understanding of such regions is considerably less developed, but observations are providing the ground rules within which theory must operate. The most rich and massive star clusters form in massive, dense, turbulent cores, which provide models for star formation in other galaxies.Comment: 48 pages, annual review latex, 4 figures supplied, 2 not supplie

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“…Yasmina, in the southwestern quadrant of the ancient city of Carthage (northern Tunisia), is an early Roman necropolis located in the modern community of Yasmina. It was discovered in 1981 during bulldozing operations for a road that was intended to mark the boundaries of the archaeological zone (Norman and Haeckl, 1993). Five years of excavations were carried out by the University of Georgia with the support of the Tunisian authorities.…”

Section: The Roman Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roman introduction and exportation of animals into Tunisia: Linking archaeozoology with textual and iconographic evidence

Azaza

Colominas

2020

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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The Mediterranean basin was the core of the Roman Empire. Large communication networks were constructed and maintained that enabled the trade and distribution of large number of products between distant territories. North Africa, and more specifically Tunisia, was an important trading area. However, little information is available about the animal trade. To characterize this activity and evaluate its economic importance, in this study we examine which species were introduced and exported during the Roman era in Tunisia using archaeozoological data and contextualizing them with written and iconographic sources. This combined approach shows that the Romans were responsible for introducing and exporting numerous animals. We have documented the introduction of commensal animals, such as black rat (Rattus rattus) and house mouse (Mus sp.), wild animals such as fallow deer (Dama dama) and hare (Lepus sp.), and domestic animals such as rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and cat (Felis catus). At the same time, North Africa supplied Rome with wild beasts such as lions, tigers, bears and camels. We suggest that the animal trade was an important economic activity for Tunisia not only for the export of wild animals but also for the import of animals that were mainly used for social purposes.

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The Yasmina necropolis at Carthage, 1992

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Glass groups, glass supply and recycling in late Roman Carthage

Glass groups, glass supply and recycling in late Roman Carthage

Physical Conditions in Regions of Star Formation

The Roman introduction and exportation of animals into Tunisia: Linking archaeozoology with textual and iconographic evidence

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