The ‘yellow snowepisode’ of northern Fennoscandia, march 1991—A case study of long-distance transport of soil, pollen and stable organic compounds

Franzén, Lars G.; Hjelmroos, Mervi; Kållberg, Per; Brorström-Lundén, Eva; Juntto, Sirkka; Savolainen, Anna-Liisa

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)00191-m

Cited by 116 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This occurrence might be explained by the effects of Sahara dust storms, even a single 48 h event resulted in a wet deposition of 10-20% of the annual wet dep, osition of trace metals at Norwegian background stations (Berg et al, 1995). During a vast dustfall of 'yellow snow' in Fennoscandia on 10 March 1991 approximately 50 000 tonnes were deposited on an area of at least 320 000 km 2 (Franzen et al, 1995). The samples from Fennoscandia were collected by private initiative in fear of a new Chernobyl catastrophe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resuspension of trace metals in Belgrade under conditions of drastically reduced emission levels

Vukmirović

Marendić-Miljković

Rajšić

et al. 1997

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Abstract. Deposition rates of trace metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) were determined at the Meteorological Station in New Belgrade (H,= 74 m; qo = 44~ and A = 20~ in the hydrological year 1992/93 (1 November-31 October). The dominant characteristics of the observation period were strong drought and drastically reduced pollutant emissions. Traffic and local sources operated at 0-10% of their capacities. Samples of dry and wet precipitation were taken by an automatic collector at a height of 2 m at weekly intervals. Two petri polycarbonate dishes of 93.5 mm diameter, facing upward, and one, facing downward, were used for dry precipitation sampling. Determination in a 'clean room' by differential pulse stripping voltammetry provided the low detection thresholds of 0.1, 1.0, 0.5 and 2.0 ng mL -t, i.e. the measurement of minimal dry deposition rates of 0.02, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.4 iLg m-2d -i for Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn, respectively. The mean annual deposition rates, expressed in tLg m-~-d -I, were found to be as follows: 4.5 (down), 26 (up) and 37 (wet) for Pb, 2. I (down), 13 (up) and 36 (wet) for Cu, and 3. I (down), 26 (up) and 95 (wet) for Zn. No values above 0.2 it~ m--d-twere found for the Cd dry deposition rate and no Cd concentration higher than 1 ng mLfor precipitation with an anaount >0.5 mm at the weekly interval was detected. Using the XREDS method with a scanning electron microscope, St,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resuspension of trace metals in Belgrade under conditions of drastically reduced emission levels

Vukmirović

Marendić-Miljković

Rajšić

et al. 1997

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…The wind-blown dust concentrations are also low on an annual average level, emitted by distant sources (Franzen et al, 1994). Hence, the urban-scale computation included only the LRT contribution of these natural aerosols.…”

Section: Dispersion Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area

et al. 2014

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Abstract. A mathematical model is presented for the determination of human exposure to ambient air pollution in an urban area; the model is a refined version of a previously developed mathematical model EXPAND (EXposure model for Particulate matter And Nitrogen oxiDes). The model combines predicted concentrations, information on people's activities and location of the population to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of average exposure of the urban population to ambient air pollution in different microenvironments. The revisions of the modelling system containing the EXPAND model include improvements of the associated urban emission and dispersion modelling system, an improved treatment of the time use of population, and better treatment for the infiltration coefficients from outdoor to indoor air. The revised model version can also be used for estimating intake fractions for various pollutants, source categories and population subgroups. We present numerical results on annual spatial concentration, time activity and population exposures to PM 2.5 in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and Helsinki for 2008 and 2009, respectively. Approximately 60 % of the total exposure occurred at home, 17 % at work, 4 % in traffic and 19 % in other microenvironments in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. The population exposure originating from the long-range transported background concentrations was responsible for a major fraction, 86 %, of the total exposure in Helsinki. The largest local contributors were vehicular emissions (12 %) and shipping (2 %).

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“…The importance of identifying the origin lies not only in attempts to control the illegal movement of drugs but also in the possibility of the pollen producing allergenic reactions in some sensitive individuals, as has happened in the northcentral regions of North America where Cannabis was widely grown (Maloney and Brodkey, 1940;MacQuiddy, 1955). Many papers on medium or long-range transport of other pollen grains have been published (Tampieri, 1977;Mandrioli et al, 1980Mandrioli et al, , 1982Mandrioli et al, , 1984Johansen and Hafsten, 1988;Peeters and Zoller, 1988;Hjelmroos, 1991;Franzen et al, 1994;Rantio-Lehtim~iki, 1994), but this is the first on marihuana pollen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric transportation of marihuana pollen from North Africa to the Southwest of Europe

Cabezudo¹,

Recio²,

Sánchez-Laulhé³

et al. 1997

Atmospheric Environment

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Abstract---As a result of aerobiological samples taken on the Costa del Sol (S. Spain), Cannabis sativa L. (marihuana) pollen was detected from May to September 1991-1996, always sporadically and usually during the afternoons. Sampling was by two volumetric spore traps set up in Malaga and Estepona, two coastal towns approximately 90 km apart. A study of the days when this pollen was recorded points to the movement of air masses from North Africa to southern Spain. Furthermore, the isentropic air trajectories calculated for these days reinforce the possibility of the pollen originating in marihuana plantations in northern Morocco (Rif). This study demonstrates the application of aerobiology to the control of the source, quantity and phenology of the crop. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd

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The ‘yellow snowepisode’ of northern Fennoscandia, march 1991—A case study of long-distance transport of soil, pollen and stable organic compounds

Cited by 116 publications

References 22 publications

Resuspension of trace metals in Belgrade under conditions of drastically reduced emission levels

Resuspension of trace metals in Belgrade under conditions of drastically reduced emission levels

Refinement of a model for evaluating the population exposure in an urban area

Atmospheric transportation of marihuana pollen from North Africa to the Southwest of Europe

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