The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form: a Persian Version Among a Large Sample of Psychiatric Patients

Khosravani, Vahid; Najafi, Mahmoud; Mohammadzadeh, Ali

doi:10.1007/s11469-018-9997-2

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In a study by Khosravani et al, the reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75–0.91), criterion, predictive, and discriminant validity of the Persian version of the instrument used in this study were confirmed [ 55 ]. This questionnaire indicated a good internal consistency in the present study (coefficient omega = 0.95 for the total questionnaire, 0.89 for disconnection/ rejection, 0.89 for impaired autonomy/ performance, 0.80 for other directedness, 0.81 for over vigilance/ inhibition, and 0.82 for impaired limits).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 60%

The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas regarding the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents: a structural equation modelling approach

Salari

Shaygan

Setoodeh

2022

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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Background Although there is a growing body of evidence linking parenting styles to health outcomes, little emphasis has been dedicated to how parenting styles affect chronic pain in adolescents. Given the high prevalence of chronic pain in adolescents and taking into consideration the complexity of chronic pain and the factors affecting it, further research is needed to better understand the processes through which parenting styles affect adolescents’ pain. The purpose of the present study was to explore the mediating role of maladaptive schemas in the association between different parenting styles and chronic pain. Method 1302 adolescents aged 12 to 21 in Shiraz, Iran, were randomly selected to participate in this study. To identify adolescents with chronic pain, screening questions based on the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases were used. Buri’s Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), and Young’s Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) were used to assess the parenting styles and maladaptive cognitive schemas, respectively. The structural equation modeling approach was carried out to evaluate the direct, indirect, and total effects of different parenting styles on chronic pain. Results The results in the SEM models revealed that disconnection/ rejection (β = − 0.043, 95%CI = − 0.07 to − 0.02), impaired autonomy/ performance (β = − 0.01, 95%CI = − 0.02 to -0.003), over-vigilance/inhibition (β = − 0.007, 95%CI = − 0.01 to − 0.008), and impaired limits schemas (β = − 0.004, 95%CI = − 0.006 to − 0.002) significantly mediated the protective effects of the authoritative parenting style on chronic pain. It was also found that the mediating effects of disconnection/ rejection (β = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.01 to 0.02), and over-vigilance/ inhibition (β = 0.002, 95%CI = 0.001 to 0.02) existed in the relationship between the authoritarian style and chronic pain. The permissive style may also affect chronic pain through disconnection/ rejection (β = 0.004, 95%CI = 0.001 to 0.01), other-directedness (β = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.005 to 0.015), and impaired limits schemas (β = 0.05, 95%CI = 0.04 to 0.06). Discussion The findings of the present study showed that maladaptive cognitive schemas play a mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents. It seems that the interventions that target the effective communication between the parents and the adolescents can be considered as an important part in the chronic pain management in adolescents.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 60%

The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas regarding the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents: a structural equation modelling approach

Salari

Shaygan

Setoodeh

2022

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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“…In some studies, when adapting the questionnaire, the internal structure of the model is analysed. In the research by Khosravani et al models of 13, 14 and 15 schemas were tested, as well as models with secondary structure -3, 4 and 5 domains; 15-factor first-order and five-factor second-order models had more acceptable fits (Khosravani et al, 2020). However, it should be noted that study was conducted using a questionnaire constructed for a 15-factor structure -YSQ-SF (Young, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are four maladaptive schema domains a better option than five? Recommendations based on comparison of the latent structure of schemas on a large group of healthy adults

Mącik

2022

Behav. Cogn. Psychother.

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Background: Numerous publications and analyses conducted in various cultures lead to the conclusion that the latent structure of schemas is not unambiguous. The latest proposal by Bach et al. (2017a) includes 18 schemas and four domains; however, a five domain structure is also acceptable. Aim: The aim of the research was to directly compare both proposals based on the research of a large group of healthy people. Method: The schema questionnaire YSQ-S3 was completed by 2348 people aged 18–81 years, of whom women constituted slightly over 54%. Results: CFA analyses have demonstrated a poor fit to the data of all analysed models, with the model of four correlated domains, which is also characterised by higher loadings (standardised regression loadings), being the closest to fulfil the criteria. Exploratory factor analyses have shown an almost exact reflection of the structure with the assumed four factors; the structure of five factors has not been recreated. The released number of factors indicated a two-factor solution. The additional analysis confirmed positive medium correlations with negative affect and psychopathology symptoms. Negative correlations of self-esteem, positivity scale and positive affect indicate good divergent validity. Conclusion: The analysis confirms the existence of 18 schemas and supports the new four-domain model of the latent structure of schemas as more appropriate than a model consisting of five domains.

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“…The reliability and validity of this questionnaire have been certified before 15 . Since we conducted this study in the Persian population, we used the Persian translation of YSQ‐S2, which was provided and verified by Khosravani and colleagues 16 . They reported that the reliability and validity of this questionnaire are suitable (Cronbach's alpha; total: 0.76, Emotional deprivation: 0.87, Abandonment/instability: 0.76, Mistrust/abuse: 0.71, Social isolation; 0.76, Defectiveness/shame: 0.79, Failure: 0.80, Dependence/incompetence: 0.74, Vulnerability to harm or illness: 0.76, Enmeshment/undeveloped self: 0.78, Subjugation: 0.73, Self‐sacrifice: 0.70, Emotional Inhibition: 0.73, Unrelenting standards/hyper criticalness: 0.72, Entitlement/grandiosity: 0.72, Insufficient self‐control: 0.71).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between early maladaptive schemas and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional study

Sayyadi,

Maleksaabet,

Gozashti

2023

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

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IntroductionDiabetes is a disease with high prevalence and causes heavy economic burden. Mental and physical health are tied together and their interaction determines one's health or sickness. Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are suitable indicators of mental health. We investigated the association between EMSs and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study in 2021 on 150 patients with T2DM. We used two questionnaires a demographic data questionnaire, and a Young Schema Questionnaire 2 – Short Form for gathering the data. We also performed laboratory tests on our participants and used the results of fasting blood sugar and haemoglobin A1c to evaluate glycaemic control.ResultsMost of our participants were females (66%). Most of our patients were 41–60 years old (54%). There were only three single participants, and 86.6% of our individuals did not have a university degree. Total mean ± SD for EMSs score was 192.45 ± 55.66; self‐sacrifice (19.09 ± 4.64) and defectiveness/shame (8.72 ± 4.45) had the highest and lowest EMSs scores, respectively. None of the demographic data had any significant impact on EMSs scores or glycaemic control, but generally, younger patients with higher levels of education had better glycaemic control. Participants with higher scores for defectiveness/shame and insufficient self‐control had significantly worse glycaemic control.ConclusionMental and physical health are tied together, and paying attention to psychological aspects in prevention and management of physical disorders is crucial. EMSs, especially defectiveness/shame and insufficient self‐control are associated with glycaemic control of T2DM patients.

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The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form: a Persian Version Among a Large Sample of Psychiatric Patients

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas regarding the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents: a structural equation modelling approach

The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas regarding the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents: a structural equation modelling approach

Are four maladaptive schema domains a better option than five? Recommendations based on comparison of the latent structure of schemas on a large group of healthy adults

The association between early maladaptive schemas and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional study

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