The zeaxanthin biosynthesis enzyme ²‐carotene hydroxylase is involvedin myxoxanthophyll synthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Lagarde, Delphine; Vermaas, Wim F. J.

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00817-0

Cited by 51 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The ESI-HRMS spectrum of the target compound peak indicated a molecular formula, such as C 48 H 70 O 7 , and a cation radical molecular ion [M] + at m/z 758.5127 (accuracy −1.4 ppm) (Figure 6c). The ESI-HRMS/MS fragmentation of the cation radical molecular ion gave a fragment ion at m/z 700 (Figure 6d), corresponding to the cleavage of an acetone unit (C 3 H 6 O) in the cation radical molecular ion, a fragment ion at m/z 525 corresponding to the carotenoid backbone resulting after the cleavage of the sugar moiety, and a fragment ion at m/z 507 formed by the loss of water from the fragment ion at m/z 525, which are in agreement with the fragmentation pattern of (all-trans)-myxoxanthophyll as (3R,2S)-myxol 2 -(2,4-di-O-methyl-α-L-fucoside) [8,25]. The two minor contaminants present in the myxoxanthophyll fraction obtained by means of HPCCC (Figure 5b) exhibited ESI-HRMS/MS spectra similar to those of (all-trans)-myxoxanthophyll, but with UV-Visible spectra that were compatible with those of (13 or 13 -cis)-myxoxanthophyll (1) (Figure 6b) and (9 or 9 -cis)-myxoxanthophyll (2) (Figure 6b).…”

Section: Identity Confirmation Of the Isolated Target Compoundsupporting

confidence: 75%

Separation of the Glycosylated Carotenoid Myxoxanthophyll from Synechocystis Salina by HPCCC and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant, Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Immune-Stimulating Properties

et al. 2020

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Global demand for natural pigments has increased in the past few years. Myxoxanthophyll, a glycosylated monocyclic carotenoid, is a pigment that occurs naturally in cyanobacteria but no scalable isolation process has been developed to obtain it from its natural source to date. In this study, myxoxanthophyll was isolated from unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis salina (S. salina) using high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC), where the lower phase of the biphasic solvent system composed of n-heptane–ethanol–water (2:4:4, v/v/v) was used as a mobile phase, whereas its upper phase was the stationary phase. For the HPCCC isolation, a multi-injection method was developed, and four consecutive sample injections (70 mg each) were performed, obtaining, in total, 20 mg of myxoxanthophyll, which was finally purified with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Overall, a final myxoxanthophyll yield of 15 mg (98% purity) was obtained. The target pigment showed a weak antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory effect, and exhibited immune-stimulating properties by activating human granulocytes. The results presented here form a basis for the large-scale production of myxoxanthophyll, and show the potential benefits of this pigment for human health.

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Section: Identity Confirmation Of the Isolated Target Compoundsupporting

confidence: 75%

Separation of the Glycosylated Carotenoid Myxoxanthophyll from Synechocystis Salina by HPCCC and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant, Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Immune-Stimulating Properties

et al. 2020

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“…Following this scheme, an in silico search of homologous of CrtL-b and CrtR in Phormidium , Aphanotece , and Desertifilum spp. (Table ) gave positive results compared with the functional proteins previously identified in Prochlorococcus and Synechocystis . ,, The presence of putative genes of the carotenoid α-branch in the analyzed cyanobacteria species explains the accumulation of the new carotenoid, α-carotene, and zeinoxanthin. The low level of the precursor (α-carotene, Table ) explains the not excessive formation of the new carotenoid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Accomplished High-Resolution Metabolomic and Molecular Studies Identify New Carotenoid Biosynthetic Reactions in Cyanobacteria

Maroneze

Caballero-Guerrero

Zepka

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Cyanobacteria and microalgae are characterized by a rich and varied profile of chlorophyll (8–20 mg/g) and carotenoid (>2.2 mg/g) pigments, being noteworthy material for natural pigment production in the food industry. We propose a systematic workflow that uses high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry in a broadband collision-induced dissociation mode (bbCID) acquisition mode to simultaneously obtain MS and MS n spectra. Metabolomic studies showed for the first time the presence of carotenoids with 5,6-epoxy-groups (5,6-epoxy- and 5,8-furanoid β-cryptoxanthin), carotenoids from the α-branch (5,8-furanoid-2′-3′-didehydro α-cryptoxanthin), and 2′-dehydrodeoxomyxol in cyanobacteria. To support the new findings, an in silico search retrieved the putative sequences of carotenogenic enzymes involved in the corresponding biosynthetic pathways (ZEP, NSY, CrtL-b and CrtR) in the analyzed cyanobacteria species. Consequently, high-throughput metabolomics studies assisted by molecular analysis offer a powerful tool for providing insights into the characterization of bioactive compounds and their metabolism in cyanobacteria and microalgae.

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“…PCC 6803 cells possess four main carotenoids [33] (β-carotene, zeaxanthin, myxoxanthophyll and echineone) that absorb light efficiently between 400 and 500 nm. The light absorption of the carotenoids therefore overlaps with the light absorption of chlorophyll a .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Role of PilA in Iron Acquisition in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

et al. 2014

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Cyanobacteria require large quantities of iron to maintain their photosynthetic machinery; however, in most environments iron is present in the form of insoluble iron oxides. Whether cyanobacteria can utilize these sources of iron, and the potential molecular mechanisms involved remains to be defined. There is increasing evidence that pili can facilitate electron donation to extracellular electron acceptors, like iron oxides in non-photosynthetic bacteria. In these organisms, the donation of electrons to iron oxides is thought to be crucial for maintaining respiration in the absence of oxygen. Our study investigates if PilA1 (major pilin protein) may also provide a mechanism to convert insoluble ferric iron into soluble ferrous iron. Growth experiments supported by spectroscopic data of a strain deficient in pilA1 indicate that the presence of the pilA1 gene enhances the ability to grow on iron oxides. These observations suggest a novel function of PilA1 in cyanobacterial iron acquisition.

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The zeaxanthin biosynthesis enzyme ²‐carotene hydroxylase is involvedin myxoxanthophyll synthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

Separation of the Glycosylated Carotenoid Myxoxanthophyll from Synechocystis Salina by HPCCC and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant, Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Immune-Stimulating Properties

Separation of the Glycosylated Carotenoid Myxoxanthophyll from Synechocystis Salina by HPCCC and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant, Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Immune-Stimulating Properties

Accomplished High-Resolution Metabolomic and Molecular Studies Identify New Carotenoid Biosynthetic Reactions in Cyanobacteria

Functional Role of PilA in Iron Acquisition in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

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