The zebrafish dorsal axis is apparent at the four-cell stage

Gore, Aniket V.; Maegawa, Satoru; Cheong, Albert; Gilligan, Patrick; Weinberg, Eric S.; Sampath, Karuna

doi:10.1038/nature04184

Cited by 125 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Early zebrafish development has not yet been sufficiently probed, despite the recent discovery of interesting ''orphan'' pathway members such as endoplasmic reticulum ion transporters (Kreiling et al, 2008) and evidence indicating the dorsalventral axis is established at the second cleavage (Gore et al, 2005). Moving forward will require increased collaboration among labs with expertise in specific pathways and model systems to cross-check their pathways in a wider variety of taxa, and remaining open to the idea that the origin problem is not yet solved.…”

Section: Major Open Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Far from solved: A perspective on what we know about early mechanisms of left–right asymmetry

Vandenberg

Levin

2010

Developmental Dynamics

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Consistent laterality is a crucial aspect of embryonic development, physiology, and behavior. While strides have been made in understanding unilaterally expressed genes and the asymmetries of organogenesis, early mechanisms are still poorly understood. One popular model centers on the structure and function of motile cilia and subsequent chiral extracellular fluid flow during gastrulation. Alternative models focus on intracellular roles of the cytoskeleton in driving asymmetries of physiological signals or asymmetric chromatid segregation, at much earlier stages. All three models trace the origin of asymmetry back to the chirality of cytoskeletal organizing centers, but significant controversy exists about how this intracellular chirality is amplified onto cell fields. Analysis of specific predictions of each model and crucial recent data on new mutants suggest that ciliary function may not be a broadly conserved, initiating event in left-right patterning. Many questions about embryonic left-right asymmetry remain open, offering fascinating avenues for further research in cell, developmental, and evolutionary biology. Developmental Dynamics 239:3131-3146,

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Section: Major Open Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Far from solved: A perspective on what we know about early mechanisms of left–right asymmetry

Vandenberg

Levin

2010

Developmental Dynamics

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“…These observations support the notion that the ICM is initially a mosaic of EPI and PE cells and suggest that an embryonic axis prepattern may exist as early as the blastocyst stage. Another interesting finding recently obtained in zebrafish suggests that a homologue of Nodal, squint (sqt), mRNA localizes to the future dorsal side of the embryo as early as the four-cell stage (Gore et al, 2005). Initially, maternal sqt mRNA is distributed evenly throughout the cytoplasm of the egg but, after fertilization, maternal sqt mRNA gradually becomes enriched in future dorsal cells.…”

Section: Formation Of the Anterior/ Posterior Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell and molecular regulation of the mouse blastocyst

Yamanaka

Ralston

Stephenson

et al. 2006

Developmental Dynamics

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221

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Animals use diverse strategies to specify tissue lineages during development. A common strategy is to partition maternally supplied and localized lineage determinants into progenitor cells. The mouse embryo appears to use a different, more regulative strategy to specify the first three lineages: the epiblast (EPI: future embryo), the trophectoderm (TE: future placenta), and the primitive endoderm (PE: future yolk sac). These lineages are specified during two successive differentiation steps leading to formation of the blastocyst. Here, we review classic and contemporary models of early lineage specification in the mouse, and describe recent efforts to understand the molecular regulation of these events. We describe evidence that trophectoderm differentiation bears resemblance to the process of epithelialization and describe the importance of apical/basal protein complexes in regulating this process. Next, we present a revised model of PE specification, and describe evidence that PE cells in the inner cell mass sort out to occupy their ultimate position on the surface of the EPI. Finally, we describe factors that reinforce these lineages and three distinct stem cell types that can be isolated from them. Together, these mechanisms guide the differentiation of the first lineages of the mouse and thereby set up tissues that will be important for the first steps of embryonic body patterning. Developmental Dynamics 235:2301-2314, 2006.

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“…Analysis of mutations that affect cyc and sqt has shown that these genes have overlapping functions in the embryo during mesoderm induction (Erter et al, 1998;Feldman et al, 1998;Long et al, 2003;Rebagliati et al, 1998a;Rebagliati et al, 1998b;Sampath et al, 1998). Loss of cyc function results in severe deficiencies in the ventral neural tube and in cyclopia, whereas sqt function is required for formation of the mesendoderm and dorsal structures (Erter et al, 1998;Feldman et al, 2000;Feldman et al, 1998;Gore et al, 2005;Hagos et al, 2007;Hatta et al, 1991;Rebagliati et al, 1998b;Sampath et al, 1998;Sirotkin et al, 2000;Tian et al, 2003). Spw regulates left-right asymmetry of the visceral organs during somitogenesis (Long et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pro-domain of the zebrafish Nodal-related protein Cyclops regulates its signaling activities

et al. 2008

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Nodal proteins are secreted signaling factors of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family with essential roles in embryonic development in vertebrates. Mutations affecting the Nodal factors have severe consequences in mammals and fish. Furthermore, increased Nodal levels have been associated with melanoma tumor progression. Like other TGFβ-related proteins, Nodal factors consist of a pro-domain and a mature domain. The pro-domain of mouse Nodal protein stabilizes its precursor. However, the mechanisms by which the pro-domains exert their activities are unknown. Here, we characterize the zebrafish Nodal-related factor Cyclops (Cyc) and find unexpected functions for the pro-domain in regulating Cyc activity. We identified a lysosome-targeting region in the Cyc pro-domain that destabilizes the precursor and restricts Cyc activity, revealing the molecular basis for the shortrange signaling activities of Cyc. We show that both the pro-and mature-domains of Cyc regulate its stability. We also characterize a mutation in the pro-domain of human NODAL (hNODAL) that underlies congenital heterotaxia. Heterologous expression of mutant hNODAL increases expression of Nodal-response genes. Our studies reveal unexpected roles for the pro-domain of the Nodal factors and provide a possible mechanism for familial heterotaxia.

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The zebrafish dorsal axis is apparent at the four-cell stage

Cited by 125 publications

References 27 publications

Far from solved: A perspective on what we know about early mechanisms of left–right asymmetry

Far from solved: A perspective on what we know about early mechanisms of left–right asymmetry

Cell and molecular regulation of the mouse blastocyst

The pro-domain of the zebrafish Nodal-related protein Cyclops regulates its signaling activities

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