The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics in Special Relativity

Gavassino, Lorenzo

doi:10.1007/s10701-020-00393-x

Cited by 28 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Since the total number of photons is not a conserved charge, the only relevant conserved current n ] is the baryon current of the material (we assume that no additional chemical-composition degrees of freedom are needed). This system can be described within the assumptions of Section 2.1: despite there are two chemical species (matter and photons), the photon transport is just a form of heat conduction, as no transport of any Noether charge is involved (Gavassino et al, 2020b;Gavassino, 2020).…”

Section: Minimal Model For Photon Diffusion In a Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unified Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics and the Stability of Relativistic Theories for Dissipation

Gavassino

Antonelli

2021

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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In a relativistic context, the main purpose of Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics (EIT) is to generalize the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics to the domain of fluid dynamics. In particular, the theory aims at modeling any diffusion-type process (like heat as diffusion of energy, viscosity as diffusion of momentum, charge-conductivity as diffusion of particles) directly from thermodynamic laws. Although in Newtonian physics this task can be achieved with a first-order approach to dissipation (i.e. Navier–Stokes–Fourier like equations), in a relativistic framework the relativity of simultaneity poses serious challenges to the first-order methodology, originating instabilities which are, instead, naturally eliminated within EIT. The first part of this work is dedicated to reviewing the most recent progress made in understanding the mathematical origin of this instability problem. In the second part, we present the formalism that arises by promoting non-equilibrium thermodynamics to a classical effective field theory. We call this approach Unified Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics (UEIT), because it contains, as particular cases, EIT itself, in particular the Israel-Stewart theory and the divergence-type theories, plus Carter’s approach and most branches of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, such as relativistic chemistry and radiation hydrodynamics. We use this formalism to explain why all these theories are stable by construction (provided that the microscopic input is correct), showing that their (Lyapunov) stability is a direct consequence of the second law of thermodynamics.

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Section: Minimal Model For Photon Diffusion In a Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unified Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics and the Stability of Relativistic Theories for Dissipation

Gavassino

Antonelli

2021

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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“…It is not clear whether the CMB can provide objective contexts for ambient temperature and rest state across an expanding universe. A universal ambient temperature across an expanding universe needs to be reconciled with Gavassino's argument that thermal equilibrium can be unambiguously defined only for bodies at relative rest [43]. An expanding universe violates the "no red shift" condition for defining Einstein synchronization [44].…”

Section: Is Contextuality Objective?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Contextual Foundation for Mechanics, Thermodynamics, and Evolution

Crecraft¹

2020

Preprint

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The prevailing interpretations of physics are based on deeply entrenched assumptions, rooted in classical mechanics. Logical implications include: the denial of entropy and irreversible change as fundamental properties of state; the inability to explain random quantum measurements and nonlocality without implausible and empirically unjustified metaphysical implications; and the inability to explain or even define the evolution of complexity. The dissipative conceptual model (DCM) is based on empirically justified assumptions. It generalizes mechanics’ definition of state by acknowledging the contextual relationship between a physical system and its positive-temperature ambient background, and it defines the DCM entropy as a fundamental contextual property of physical states. The irreversible production of entropy establishes the thermodynamic arrow of time and a system’s process of dissipation as fundamental. The DCM defines a system’s utilization by the measurable rate of internal work on its components and as an objective measure of stability for a dissipative process. The spontaneous transition to dissipative processes of higher utilization and stability defines two evolutionary paths. The evolution of life proceeded by both competition for resources and cooperation to evolve and sustain higher functional complexity. The DCM accommodates classical and quantum mechanics and thermodynamics as idealized non-contextual special cases.

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“…Our argument is based on a revised version of the thought experiment of Wexler [21]: with the aid of the thermodynamic tools devised in [19] and [53], we will extend the original experiment to an arbitrary relativistic superfluid-normal mixture. Then, we will show that, depending on the time-scale at which Wexler's experiment is performed, one can move from the case in which C p = kYA, that we will call the Thouless regime, to a situation in which C p = kχ T /µ T , the Sonin-Stone regime.…”

Section: Towards a Resolution Of The Iordanskii Force Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adopting the same notation of Wexler, we call L x the circumference of the annulus, L y the basis of the rectangular section and L z its height, with L y L x , so that all the hydrodynamic quantities can be considered uniform along the section, see Figure 1. The walls play the role of a heat bath for the fluid, meaning that they have both infinite heat capacity and inertial mass [53].…”

Section: Geometry and Preliminary Definitions Of Wexler's Gedanken Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superfluid Dynamics in Neutron Star Crusts: The Iordanskii Force and Chemical Gauge Covariance

Gavassino¹,

Antonelli²,

Haskell³

2021

Universe

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We present a geometrical derivation of the relativistic dynamics of the superfluid inner crust of a neutron star. The resulting model is analogous to the Hall-Vinen-Bekarevich-Khalatnikov hydrodynamics for a single-component superfluid at finite temperature, but particular attention should be paid to the fact that some fraction of the neutrons is locked to the motion of the protons in nuclei. This gives rise to an ambiguity in the definition of the two currents (the normal and the superfluid one) on which the model is built, a problem that manifests itself as a chemical gauge freedom of the theory. To ensure chemical gauge covariance of the hydrodynamic model, the phenomenological equation of motion for a quantized vortex should contain an extra transverse force, that is the relativistic version of the Iordanskii force discussed in the context of superfluid Helium. Hence, we extend the mutual friction model of Langlois et al. (1998) to account for the possible presence of this Iordanskii-like force. Furthermore, we propose that a better understanding of the (still not completely settled) controversy around the presence of the Iordanskii force in superfluid Helium, as well as in neutron stars, may be achieved by considering that the different incompatible results present in the literature pertain to two, opposite, dynamical regimes of the fluid system.

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The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics in Special Relativity

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Unified Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics and the Stability of Relativistic Theories for Dissipation

Unified Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics and the Stability of Relativistic Theories for Dissipation

A Contextual Foundation for Mechanics, Thermodynamics, and Evolution

Superfluid Dynamics in Neutron Star Crusts: The Iordanskii Force and Chemical Gauge Covariance

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