The Zoonosis of Animal Parasites in Iraq

During the period 1990–1998, 99 cases of human cystic hydatidosis (12.4 cases per year) were surgically treated at the two main hospitals in Arbil province, northern Iraq, and from this the human occurence for the province was estimated to be 2 per 100,000 inhabitants. In the same area, 1270 sheep, 550 goats and 320 cattle were examined at slaughter for hydatid cysts and prevalence rates were found to be 15.0%, 6.2% and 10.9%, respectively. A decreasing tendency in livestock prevalences was found towards the end of the study period. As in humans, most of the hydatid cysts in livestock were located in the liver. Fertility of sheep cysts, i.e. those containing protoscoleces, was found to be significantly higher (64%) than that of goats (35.7%) and cattle (29.8%). The percentage of fertile cysts containing viable protoscoleces varied between 63 and 82% in the livers and between 72 and 79% in the lungs of the different animal species. A total of 97 stray dogs were examined post-mortem in the years 1991, 1992 and 1998, and Echinococcus granulosus worms were found in the intestines of 48 dogs (49.5%). High worm burdens (> 1000) were observed in 37% of the dogs, medium worm burdens (200–1000) in 41%, and low worm burdens (< 200) in 22%. In 1998, the prevalence of canine echinococcosis (24.3%) was found to be significantly lower than in 1991 (70.4%) and 1992 (60.6%). The prevalence of human hydatidosis did not differ significantly over the years, but the study confirmed that hydatidosis is endemic in northern Iraq, and that housewives, labourers and farmers appear to be at the greatest risk of infection.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus in Arbil province, northern Iraq, 1990–1998

Saeed

Kapel²,

Saida

et al. 2000

“…In addition to providing information concerning the degree of risk to the human population, the accurate determination of infection in dogs also reveals important epidemiological information concerning transmission of the parasite in the area under study and is one of the most sensitive methods for measuring the progress of a control programme. E. granulosus infection in dogs in the neighbourhood of the State of Kuwait has been investigated by various authors: Gireev (1964) in Dagestan, U.S.S.R.; Hoghoughi (1967) in Iran; Babero et al (1963) and Kelly and Izzi (1959) in Iraq. The larval stage infection in ruminants has been recorded in the same area by various authors: Imari (1962) and Babero et al (1962) in Iraq; Yari (1962), Khalili (1962) and Mobedi et al (1970) in Iran; Dailey and Sweatman (1965) in Syria and Frayha (1970) in Lebanon.…”

Section: Infection In Kuwaitmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of Echinococcu infection in Kuwait

Hassounah

Behbehani

1976

Infection of dogs with E. granulosus is recorded for the first time in the State of Kuwait and observations on 204 dogs from different suburbs showed an infection rate of 23.039%. Cattle, sheep, goats and camels killed for public consumption in the period 6th April to 6th May, 1975, in a slaughter house were inspected and the rate of infection with E. granulosus cysts was recorded. The possible methods of transmission from animals and dogs to man is discussed.

“…The worms extended to more than half the length of small intestine with a maximum concentration in the second 30 cm portion. Yamashita el al (1956) and Sweatman & Williams (1963) obtained similar results but Babero et al (1963) found that worms were distributed equally throughout the length of the small intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Observations on the Morphology and Biology of Echinococcus grantdosus (Batsch, 1786) of Goat-Dog Origin

Pandey¹

1972

In the present goat-dog material great individual variation was observed in the rostellar hooks. The strobila had either 3 or 4 segments in the gravid worms. The position of the genital pore was near the middle in the mature segments and posterior to the middle in the gravid segments. There were more testes anterior (average 27) than posterior (average 18) to the genital pore but they usually extended even behind the vitellaria. The cirrus sac was either elongated or pear shaped. The ovary was bilobed and uterus sacculated.