The β‐diversity of arable weed communities on organic and conventional cereal farms in two contrasting regions

Armengot, Laura; Sans, F. Xavier; Fischer, Christina; Flohre, Andreas; José-María, Laura; Tscharntke, Teja; Thies, Carsten

doi:10.1111/j.1654-109x.2012.01190.x

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The change in the number of neophytes is consistent with other studies [35,39] and supports the general pattern of alien species promoting homogenization [1,3,4,40,41]. Biotic homogenization in weed plant communities that occurs due to the invasion of alien species was confirmed by comparison of organic and conventional agricultural practices [42]. However, biotic homogenization or differentiation is subject to differences between taxa and the scale of the study [11].…”

Section: Ratio Of Aliens Species and Specialists/ Generalistssupporting

confidence: 77%

Biotic homogenization and differentiation in weed vegetation over the last 70 years

Šilc

2015

Open Life Sciences

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Biotic homogenization is the increasing similarity of the species composition of communities over time and represents a loss of biodiversity. We analysed changes in weed vegetation over a period of 70 years by comparing three datasets (from 1939, 2002 and 2012) sampled with the same methodology. We present the results of changes in species richness, homogenization and differentiation as expanding neophytes and generalist species. The species richness of weed communities decreased and the number of neophytes in cereal fields and root crops increased over time. The decreased ratio of specialists to generalists in vernal communities and cereal crops indicates homogenization, while the ratio of generalists to specialists increased in root crops.

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Section: Ratio Of Aliens Species and Specialists/ Generalistssupporting

confidence: 77%

Biotic homogenization and differentiation in weed vegetation over the last 70 years

Šilc

2015

Open Life Sciences

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“…; Armengot et al. ; Kolárová et al. ) is generally attributed to a lack of herbicide application and reduced amounts of fertilizer (Cirujeda et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining rare weed trait syndromes along arable intensification gradients

Pinke

Gunton

2014

J Vegetation Science

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Question How does the conservation (rarity) value of arable weed communities differ along intensification gradients? Which functional traits best distinguish the weed communities of more and less extensively managed fields? Can the same traits predict the rarity of individual weed species? Location Hungary. Methods Using relevé data from 60 cereal and 70 stubble fields, together with weed trait data, we characterized community responses to arable intensification using functional trait analyses based on trait‐convergence and trait‐divergence assembly patterns. We also examined how well the broad‐scale rarity status of species predicts their occurrence along intensification gradients, and how it maps onto our functional classifications describing intensification responses. Results The response of weeds to intensification in cereal fields was best described by a functional classification based on species' flowering duration, maximum height and seed weight: weeds of extensively managed fields have short flowering seasons (2–5 mo) and particularly large or small seeds. The highest proportions of rare species also happen to be found in these groups. The rarest weeds among these species tend to be late‐winter and early‐summer annuals, while the rare species of stubble fields tend to be broad‐leaved with low nitrogen requirements, small seeds and short height. Stubble fields showed a decline in weed cover with increasing application of fertilizer and distance from the field edge, but we could detect no strong associations of management factors with trait composition, perhaps because the intensification gradient across these fields was shorter. Conclusions Many rare Hungarian weeds are associated with traditional extensive farming practices. They are particularly characterized by short, midsummer flowering periods and by preference for low nitrogen levels, but a range of trait syndromes must be considered to understand their ecology and conservation. Analyses based on trait‐divergence patterns, rather than trait‐convergence patterns, provide better insights into the functional composition of weed communities, emphasizing the importance of disruptive filters in weed community assembly and the need for improved methods to detect such effects.

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“…According to numerous authors [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], organic farming promotes weed biodiversity. Both weed abundance and the number of weed species are higher in the organic system than in the conventional system [20,22,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed species diversity in organic and integrated farming systems

et al. 2013

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A b s t r a c tPhytosociological data were collected in 1994-1996 in plots (relevés) at the Research Station for Organic Farming and Conservation Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Popielno included in a large-area experiment conducted according to the concept and method proposed by Prof. S. Nawrocki. In a four-field crop rotation (root crops -spring barley undersown with red clover and grasses -red clover/grass mixturewinter triticale), each field was divided into two management units, organic and integrated. Data were collected in relevés by the Braun-Blanquet method, each year at the peak of the growing season. Weed abundance (% cover) in cultivated fields and the number of weed species (species richness) in crops were determined, which provided a basis for calculating the Shannon--Wiener indices of species diversity and evenness, and the Rényi profiles. The qualitative (species) and quantitative structure of weed communities was compared using the Sørensen index.A total of 115 weed taxa (species, subspecies and varieties) were identified in the examined agro-phytocenoses. Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album, Matricaria maritima subsp. inodora, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Thlaspi arvense and Stellaria media were the most abundant. Weed infestation was slightly higher in the organic farming system than in the integrated system. Organic farming contributed to higher weed species diversity in root crops, red clover/grass mixtures and winter triticale. Weed species richness was reduced in red clover/grass stands, while root crops and -to a lesser degree -spring barley undersown with red clover and grasses decreased weed species diversity. The species composition and in particular the quantitative structure of weeds were affected by crop species and cultivation regime rather than by the farming system. Weed communities of crops grown under organic and integrated farming systems were more similar with regard to species composition than the quantitative structure.

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The β‐diversity of arable weed communities on organic and conventional cereal farms in two contrasting regions

Cited by 39 publications

References 48 publications

Biotic homogenization and differentiation in weed vegetation over the last 70 years

Biotic homogenization and differentiation in weed vegetation over the last 70 years

Refining rare weed trait syndromes along arable intensification gradients

Weed species diversity in organic and integrated farming systems

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