The σ1 receptor agonist 4-PPBP elicits ERK1/2 phosphorylation in primary neurons: A possible mechanism of neuroprotective action

Sigma Receptor Ligand, (+)-Pentazocine, Suppresses Inflammatory Responses of Retinal Microglia

“…opposed to inhibition of activation as reported in this study) within hippocampal tissue 45 and within mixed cortical and hippocampal neuronal cultures 46 in the presence of rR1 ligands. The difference in effect on MAPK subgroups might be explained because of multiple cell types.…”

“…For example, the effects of rR1 ligands might vary if the responsive cell is of a particular neuronal type or of glial origin. In addition, others 46 have postulated that rR1 receptors may have multiple discrete binding sites that cause different responses. We suspect that differences in effect on MAPK subgroups arise from the individual properties, including cell type-specific effects, of rR1 ligands.…”

Early pridopidine treatment improves behavioral and transcriptional deficits in YAC128 Huntington disease mice

“…Although the mechanisms of action underlying the neuroprotective effects of S1R activation are not fully understood, some studies have suggested that such effects may include modulation of kinase activity (45,52,53). As dysregulation of AKT and JNK kinases has been implicated in the pathology of HD (45,54,55), it would be interesting to further investigate whether modulation of kinase activity contributes to the neuroprotective effects of pridopidine in HD mice.…”

Activation of Sigma-1 receptor ameliorates anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairments in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder

“…Overexpression of Sig-1R enhances phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor, and leads to prolonged activation of downstream signaling pathways to promote neuritogenesis [14]. The Sig-1R agonist PRE-084 evokes phosphorylation of ERK1/2, but not p38-MAPK and JNK, while Sig-1R antagonist inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner [15]. Sig-1R also plays a role in the regulation of both synaptic efficacy and spatial learning performance [16].…”