Theacrine: A purine alkaloid from Camellia assamica var. kucha with a hypnotic property via the adenosine system

Qiao, Haoyi; Ye, Xian-Sheng; Bai, Xiaoyu; He, Jun; Ting-li, LI; Zhang, Jia; Zhang, Wei Ku; Xu, Jiaming

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.063

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For oral administration (0.2 ml/10 g for mouse, 1.0 ml/100 g for rat, volume/body weight, i.g.). Animals were orally administered loganin (5, 20, and 50 mg/kg for mouse, 35 mg/kg for rat) and estazolam (0.15 mg/kg for mouse, 0.1 mg/kg for rat), which were suspended in distilled water and administered 25 min before pentobarbital administration (Qiao et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loganin Exerts Sedative and Hypnotic Effects via Modulation of the Serotonergic System and GABAergic Neurons

Shi

Yan

et al. 2019

Front. Pharmacol.

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Corni fructus, the fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., has been used as a tonic for the kidney in China for thousands of years. Loganin is one of the major constituents derived from Corni fructus. In this study, we revealed the sedative and hypnotic activity of loganin and investigated its mechanisms for the first time. Pentobarbital-induced sleep test and insomnia mice models [induced by caffeine and p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)] were used for the assessment of sedative and hypnotic effects of loganin. It was found that loganin (20–50 mg/kg) exerted sedative effect in normal mice. Loganin exhibited hypnotic effect by increasing sleep onset and sleep duration in pentobarbital-treated mice, recovering PCPA-induced insomnia and exerting synergistic hypnosis effect with 5-HTP. In addition, electroencephalograph (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recordings of rats showed that loganin (35 mg/kg) prolonged the ratio of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and shortened wakefulness significantly, further immunohistochemistry showed that loganin (35 mg/kg) increased c-Fos expression in GABAergic neurons of rats in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO). The levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite were measured in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum of mice, 1 h after loganin (35 mg/kg) treatment. 5-HT, 5-HIAA/5-HT, DA, and DOPAC were decreased significantly in the prefrontal cortex. In conclusion, these results indicated that loganin produced beneficial sedative and hypnotic activity, which might be mainly mediated by modification of the serotonergic system and GABAergic neurons.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recordings were performed during the normal wake period of mice to better observe the hypnotic effect of loganin. The power of each frequency band was averaged and expressed as a percent of the total power within the frequency range of 0.5–30 Hz (Qiao et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loganin Exerts Sedative and Hypnotic Effects via Modulation of the Serotonergic System and GABAergic Neurons

Shi

Yan

et al. 2019

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…significantly enhanced pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice by shortening wake time and increasing non-rapideye-movement sleep (NREMS) time, but it had no effect on rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS). Meanwhile, theacrine markedly attenuated caffeine (a non-selective antagonist of adenosine receptor)-induced insomnia (31). Theacrine worked as a non-selective adenosine receptor agonist to induce a hypnotic effect through the adenosine system.…”

Section: Hypnotic and Antidepressant Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theacrine From Camellia kucha and Its Health Beneficial Effects

et al. 2020

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Theacrine, i.e., 1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid, is one of the major purine alkaloids found in leaf of a wild tea plant species Camellia kucha Hung T. Chang. Theacrine has been attracted great attentions academically owing to its diverse health benefits. Present review examines the advances in the research on the health beneficial effects of theacrine, including antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory effect, locomotor activation and reducing fatigue effects, improving cognitive effect, hypnotic effect, ameliorating lipid metabolism and inhibiting breast cancer cell metastasis effect. The inconsistent results in this research field and further expectations were also discussed.

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“…As one of the most important non-alcoholic beverages, tea plant synthesized diverse high-value pharmaceutically important PAs including fatigue resistance caffeine, antimicrobial agent theobromine and potential asthma drug theophylline. The theacrine, only accumulated in high amounts in Kucha, also displayed several bene cial effects in improving learning and memory, anti-depressive and hypnotic activities [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptome analysis to reveal putative genes responsible for high theacrine content in Kucha (Camellia kucha (Chang et Wang) Chang)

Fang

Qin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The purine alkaloid theacrine, synthesized in a high amount in Kucha (Camellia kucha (Chang et Wang) Chang), has shown multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-depression, dehydration and hypnotic activities. It is critical to better understand the theacrine metabolism at the molecular level for future breeding programs. Results: In this study, we carried out comparative transcriptome analysis of Kucha (Kucha-6 and Kucha-11) and conventional varieties (Yinghong 9 and Qingxin 1). HPLC showed that Kucha synthesized more than 27-fold theacrine in comparison to conventional varieties. A total of ~ 671.61 million high quality clean reads were yield, and 71.42 ~ 76.87% of these were aligned to the reference genome for each library. Among the 19,095 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by a pairwise comparison approach, a pool of 1,142 common DEGs between Kucha and conventional varieties were screened. Functional annotation allowed the identified of 20 oxidoreductase (OR) genes and seven methyltransferase (MT) genes with enhanced expression in Kucha, which might be associated with theacrine diversity in the examined materials. Particularly, two N-methyltransferase-encoding genes (TEA010054 and TEA022559) may catalyze the final methylation step during theacrine synthesis in Kucha. Conclusion: The current study focused on screening genes of theacrine formation in tea plant, which contributes to the elucidation of candidate genes and breeding tea plant with high theacrine content.

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Theacrine: A purine alkaloid from Camellia assamica var. kucha with a hypnotic property via the adenosine system

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Loganin Exerts Sedative and Hypnotic Effects via Modulation of the Serotonergic System and GABAergic Neurons

Loganin Exerts Sedative and Hypnotic Effects via Modulation of the Serotonergic System and GABAergic Neurons

Theacrine From Camellia kucha and Its Health Beneficial Effects

Comparative transcriptome analysis to reveal putative genes responsible for high theacrine content in Kucha (Camellia kucha (Chang et Wang) Chang)

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