Theama mediterranea sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida), the first interstitial polyclad from the Mediterranean

Curini‐Galletti, Marco; Campus, Paolo; Delogu, Valentina

doi:10.1080/11250000701690525

Cited by 19 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Theama mediterranea was described from the interstitial of the lower intertidal zone all around the Mediterranean Basin (Italy, Greece, Croatia, Israel, France, Tunisia) (Curini-Galletti et al 2008;Gammoudi et al 2017). The almost fully transparent adults are very elongated, reaching a length of about 20 mm and a width of 2.5 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The almost fully transparent adults are very elongated, reaching a length of about 20 mm and a width of 2.5 mm. They have two rows of a varying number of tentacular eyes and two pairs of cerebral eyes situated directly anterior to the brain (Curini-Galletti et al 2008). The pharynx is located in the middle of the body, and an adhesive pad is located ventrally at the posterior tip of the animal ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No head regeneration here: regeneration capacity and stem cell dynamics of Theama mediterranea (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes)

2019

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Research on the regeneration potential of flatworms (Platyhelminthes) has been mainly undertaken with planarians (Tricladida), where most species can regenerate a head and no proliferation takes place in the blastema, i.e. the early undifferentiated regenerative tissue. Only few studies are available for an early-branching group within the Platyhelminthes, the Polycladida. Head regeneration in polyclads is not possible, with a single exception from a study performed more than 100 years ago: Cestoplana was reported to be able to regenerate a head if cut a short distance behind the brain. Here, we show that ‘Cestoplana’ was misdetermined and most likely was the small interstitial polyclad Theama mediterranea. We revisited regeneration capacity and dynamics of T. mediterranea with live observations and stainings of musculature, nervous system, and proliferating and differentiating stem cells. In our experiments, after transversal amputation, only animals retaining more than half of the brain could fully restore the head including the brain. If completely removed, the brain was never found to regenerate to any extent. Different from planarians, but comparable to other free-living flatworms we detected cell proliferation within the posterior regeneration blastema in T. mediterranea. Similar to other free-living flatworms, proliferation did not occur within, but only outside, the differentiating organ primordia. Our results strongly imply that brain regeneration in the absence of the latter is not possible in any polyclad studied so far. Also, it appears that proliferation of stem cells within the regeneration blastema is a plesiomorphy in flatworms and that planarians are derived in this character.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No head regeneration here: regeneration capacity and stem cell dynamics of Theama mediterranea (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes)

2019

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“…Due to their colourful appearance, polyclad flatworms are among the most conspicuous members of the phylum Platyhelminthes, yet these animals are relatively poorly studied (Bahia et al 2017). Usually, polyclads occur in diverse marine habitats, such as under coastal stones, on reefs and in interstitial spaces (Hyman 1951;Prudhoe 1985;Curini-Galletti et al 2008). About 800 to 1000 species of polyclads are currently recognised (Rawlinson 2008;Martín-Durán and Egger 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyclad phylogeny persists to be problematic

et al. 2019

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Two conflicting morphological approaches to polyclad systematics highlight the relevance of molecular data for resolving the interrelationships of Polycladida. In the present study, phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on a short alignment of the 28S rDNA marker gene with 118 polyclad terminals (24 new) including 100 different polyclad species from 44 genera and 22 families, as well as on a combined dataset using 18S and 28S rDNA genes with 27 polyclad terminals (19 new) covering 26 different polyclad species. In both approaches, Theamatidae and Cestoplanidae were included, two families that have previously been shown to switch from Acotylea to Cotylea. Three different alignment methods were used, both with and without alignment curation by Gblocks, and all alignments were subjected to Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood tree calculations. Over all trees of the combined dataset, an extended majority-rule consensus tree had weak support for Theamatidae and Cestoplanidae as acotyleans, and also the cotylean genera Boninia, Chromyella and Pericelis appeared as acotyleans. With the most inclusive short 28S dataset, on the other hand, there is good support for the aforementioned taxa as cotyleans. Especially with the short 28S matrix, taxon sampling, outgroup selection, alignment method and curation, as well as model choice were all decisive for tree topology. Well-supported parts of the phylogeny over all trees include Pseudocerotoidea, Prosthiostomoidea, Stylochoidea, Leptoplanoidea and Cryptoceloidea, the latter three with new definitions. Unstable positions in the tree were found not only for Theamatidae, Cestoplanidae, Boninia, Chromyella and Pericelis, but also for Anonymus, Chromoplana and Cycloporus.

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“…Whereas accounts on new taxa with some feature of general biological interest (e.g. Curini-Galletti et al 2008) are welcome, as are taxonomic revisions (e.g. Giangrande & Licciano 2008;Rota et al 2008), or reports from poorly known parts of the world (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Zoology in the era of biodiversity

Boero¹

2009

Italian Journal of Zoology

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Theama mediterranea sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida), the first interstitial polyclad from the Mediterranean

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

No head regeneration here: regeneration capacity and stem cell dynamics of Theama mediterranea (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes)

No head regeneration here: regeneration capacity and stem cell dynamics of Theama mediterranea (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes)

Polyclad phylogeny persists to be problematic

Zoology in the era of biodiversity

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