“…Although, the steric hindrance of HMDS and poor silylating strength appeals to use catalysts and harsher reaction conditions [27][28][29]. Since then, a large number of catalysts have been reported, such as sulfonic acids [30], montmorillonite K-10 [31], ZnCl 2 [32], metal chlorides [33], iodine [34], H 3 PW 12 O 40 [35], TiO 2 -HClO 4 [36], ZrO(OTf) 2 [37], TiCl 3 (OTf) [38], alumina-supported heteropolyoxometalates [39], InBr 3 [40], 1,3-disulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate [41], ZrCl 4 [42], {Al(OH)(BDC)} [43], CeO 2 [44] TMSOTf [45], and CH 3 CN for per-O-trimethylsilylation [46], chlorozincate (II) ionic liquid [47], and silica-supported ionic liquid [48]. However, the existing reported methodologies have various limitations, such as expensive catalysts, reactions proceeding at high temperatures, and toxic metal catalysts.…”