Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus induced phenotype switch of microglia in vitro

Gerhauser, Ingo; Hansmann, Florian; Puff, Christina; Kumnok, Jirawat; Schaudien, Dirk; Wewetzer, Konstantin; Baumgärtner, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.07.018

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 66 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Immunohistochemistry was performed as described 67 , 68 . Briefly, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were treated with 0.5% H 2 O 2 to block endogenous peroxidase, depending on the antibody heated in sodium citrate buffer, and incubated with 20% goat serum to block non-specific binding sites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine dorsal root ganglia satellite glial cells represent an exceptional cell population with astrocytic and oligodendrocytic properties

Tongtako¹,

Lehmbecker²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dogs can be used as a translational animal model to close the gap between basic discoveries in rodents and clinical trials in humans. The present study compared the species-specific properties of satellite glial cells (SGCs) of canine and murine dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in situ and in vitro using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunostainings. The in situ expression of CNPase, GFAP, and glutamine synthetase (GS) has also been investigated in simian SGCs. In situ, most canine SGCs (>80%) expressed the neural progenitor cell markers nestin and Sox2. CNPase and GFAP were found in most canine and simian but not murine SGCs. GS was detected in 94% of simian and 71% of murine SGCs, whereas only 44% of canine SGCs expressed GS. In vitro, most canine (>84%) and murine (>96%) SGCs expressed CNPase, whereas GFAP expression was differentially affected by culture conditions and varied between 10% and 40%. However, GFAP expression was induced by bone morphogenetic protein 4 in SGCs of both species. Interestingly, canine SGCs also stimulated neurite formation of DRG neurons. These findings indicate that SGCs represent an exceptional, intermediate glial cell population with phenotypical characteristics of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes and might possess intrinsic regenerative capabilities in vivo.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine dorsal root ganglia satellite glial cells represent an exceptional cell population with astrocytic and oligodendrocytic properties

Tongtako¹,

Lehmbecker²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated from frozen brain and spinal cord tissue using the RNeasy Lipid Tissue Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and subsequently transcribed into cDNA with the Omniscript RT Kit (Qiagen), Random Primers (Promega, Mannheim, Germany), and RNase Out (Invitrogen, Darmstadt, Germany). RT-qPCR was performed for TMEV, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-34, Csf1r, TNFα, IFNγ, TGFβ1, and three housekeeping genes (GAPDH, β-Actin, HPRT) using standard protocols, the Mx3005P qPCR System (Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH, Böblingen, Germany), and Brilliant III Ultra-Fast SYBR®QPCR Master Mixes (Gerhauser et al, 2005(Gerhauser et al, , 2012. Forward (F) and reverse (R) primers designed for TMEV and murine genes were as follows: TMEV-F 5′-GACTAATCAGAGGAACGTCAGC-3′, TMEV-R 5′-GTGAAGAGCGGCAAGTGAGA-3′; IL-1β-F 5′-AGCTACCTGTGTCTTT CCCG-3′, IL-1β-R 5′-AGTGCAGTTGTCTAATGGGAAC-3′; IL-6-F 5′-GTT CTCTGGGAAATCGTGGA-3′, IL-6R 5′-CCAGAGGAAATTTTCAATA GGC-3′; IL-17-F 5′-ACTCTCCACCGCAATGAAGA-3′, IL-17R 5′-CTCTCA GGCTCCCTCTTCAG-3′; IL-34-F 5′-GCCACCTTTGCTGACCTAAG-3′, IL-34R 5′-TTTCCCAAAGCCACGTCAAG-3′; Csf1r-F 5′-AGGAGGTGACAGT GGTTGAG-3′, Csf1r-R 5′-CATGGTCTTGCACACGTAGG-3′; TNFα-F 5′-GCCTCTTCTCATTCCTGCTT-3′, TNFα-R 5′-CACTTGGTGGTTTGCTA CGA-3′; IFNγ-F 5′-CACGGCACAGTCATTGAAAG-3′, IFNγ-R 5′-AATCTG GCTCTGCAGGATTT-3′; TGFβ1-F 5′-TTGCTTCAGCTCCACAGAGA-3′, TGFβ1-R 5′-TGGTTGTAGAGGGCAAGGAC-3′.…”

Section: Rt-qpcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia have a protective role in viral encephalitis-induced seizure development and hippocampal damage

Waltl

Käufer

Gerhauser

et al. 2018

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the central nervous system (CNS), innate immune surveillance is mainly coordinated by microglia. These CNS resident myeloid cells are assumed to help orchestrate the immune response against infections of the brain. However, their specific role in this process and their interactions with CNS infiltrating immune cells, such as blood-borne monocytes and T cells are only incompletely understood. The recent development of PLX5622, a specific inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor that depletes microglia, allows studying the role of microglia in conditions of brain injury such as viral encephalitis, the most common form of brain infection. Here we used this inhibitor in a model of viral infection-induced epilepsy, in which C57BL/6 mice are infected by a picornavirus (Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus) and display seizures and hippocampal damage. Our results show that microglia are required early after infection to limit virus distribution and persistence, most likely by modulating T cell activation. Microglia depletion accelerated the occurrence of seizures, exacerbated hippocampal damage, and led to neurodegeneration in the spinal cord, which is normally not observed in this mouse strain. This study enhances our understanding of the role of microglia in viral encephalitis and adds to the concept of microglia-T cell crosstalk.

show abstract

“…Finally, models of viral-induced demyelination are used to study the spontaneous development of inflammatory demyelination in the CNS in the absence of the active (and artificial) induction of an antigen-specific autoimmune response (Gerhauser et al 2012). The pathogenesis of these models, however, is highly complex, involving direct viral-induced damage of brain cells or oligodendrocytes, a complex immune response involving MHC class I and II-restricted T cells, and potentially pathogenic antibodies against viral proteins or even autoantigens.…”

Section: Microglia In Preclinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglial Phenotypes and Functions in Multiple Sclerosis

O’Loughlin

Madore

Lassmann

et al. 2018

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus induced phenotype switch of microglia in vitro

Cited by 24 publications

References 66 publications

Canine dorsal root ganglia satellite glial cells represent an exceptional cell population with astrocytic and oligodendrocytic properties

Canine dorsal root ganglia satellite glial cells represent an exceptional cell population with astrocytic and oligodendrocytic properties

Microglia have a protective role in viral encephalitis-induced seizure development and hippocampal damage

Microglial Phenotypes and Functions in Multiple Sclerosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About