We explore W-adaptedness, a variant of the usual notion of adaptedness found in stochastic calculus. It is shown that the (non-adapted) quantum stochastic integrals of bounded, W-adapted processes are themselves bounded and W-adapted, a fact that may be deduced from the Bismut-Clark-Ocone formula of Malliavin calculus. An algebra analogous to Attal's class S of regular quantum semimartingales is defined, and product and functional Itô formulae are given. We consider quantum stochastic differential equations with bounded, W-adapted coefficients that are time dependent and act on the whole Fock space. Solutions to such equations may be used to dilate quantum dynamical semigroups in a manner that generalises, and gives new insight into, that of R. Alicki and M. Fannes (1987, Comm. Math. Phys. 108, 353-361); their unitarity condition is seen to be the usual condition of R. L. Hudson and K. R. Parthasarathy (1984, Comm. Math. Phys 93, 301-323).
© 2001 Elsevier ScienceKey Words: W-adaptedness; quantum semimartingales; quantum stochastic differential equations; quantum dynamical semigroups.
INTRODUCTIONIn 1987 Alicki and Fannes [1] demonstrated a method of dilating quantum dynamical semigroups using classical Brownian motion. They solved the vector equation), where B = (B 1 , ..., B d ) is a standard d-dimensional Wiener process on W (d) , E is the conditional expectation with respect to the filtration generated by this process, This leads to a unitary process which dilates the quantum dynamical semigroup on B(H) with generatorVincent-Smith [15] noted that their technique sits naturally within (a non-adapted extension of) Hudson and Parthasarathy's quantum stochastic calculus [10] and proved the following. The equation (1) is equivalent (in one dimension) to the (non-adapted) quantum stochastic equation) and H, Boson Fock space over L 2 [0, .). If we take V and K to be adapted processes of operators with essentially bounded norm, acting on H é H and satisfying Eq. (2) almost everywhere, then there is a unique, unitary solution W.When Lindsay [12] developed the non-adapted QS calculus he observed that it is directly applicable to the situation considered by Vincent-Smith, and he coined the term W-adapted, pronounced ''vacuum-adapted,'' to describe the class of integrands: they are the composition of adapted processes (in the sense of Hudson and Parthasarathy) and the conditional expectation process. Such processes have been investigated by Hudson and Krée [9], who demonstrated the link between one-dimensional quantum stochastic calculus with Hilbert-Schmidt, W-adapted processes and two-dimensional classical Itô calculus. Belavkin [5] has also considered integrals of W-adapted processes in his generalised definition of non-adapted QS integrals, which uses a scale of Fock spaces, and provides a quantum Itô formula for such integrals.
QUANTUM W-SEMIMARTINGALES
95In the first part of this paper we study bounded, W-adapted processes. It is remarkable that the quantum stochastic integrals of such processes are themsel...