Theobroma cacao L.: an axillary bud in vitro propagation procedure

Flynn, William; Glicenstein, L.; Fritz, Paul J.

doi:10.1007/bf00114708

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The positive results for in vitro propagation-of cacao axillary buds recently reported by Flynn et al (1990) are puzzling, because no single factor was implicated as essential. We suggest the main factor in their results is due to a high light level (daily average of 175 µmol•s -l •m -2 ), but we do not rule out some undetected CO 2 effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Flynn et al (1990) reported bud elongation and leaf development from mature shoots cultured in vitro without exogenous growth regulators, but no data are presented comparing treatments. They reported promotive factors to include flush stage at explant excision, minimization of explant stress through careful handling, orientation of nodal explant within culture vessel, 10 h of light with a maximum of 250 µmol•s -l •m -2 programmed to reflect diurnal flux changes, high culture vessel relative humidity, and frequent explant transfer.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Increased CO2 and Light Promote in Vitro Shoot Growth and Development of Theobroma cacao

Figueira¹,

Whipkey²,

Janick³

1991

jashs

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Axillary shoots of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), induced in vitro with cytokinins (BA or TDZ), elongated and produced leaves only in the presence of cotyledons and/or roots. Detached axillary shoots, which do not grow in `vitro under conventional tissue culture protocols, rooted with auxin and developed normally in vivo. Detached axillary shoots from cotyledonary nodes and single-node cuttings from mature plants were induced to elongate and produce normal leaves in the presence of 20,000 ppm CO2 and a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 150 to 200 μmol·s-1·m-2. Subculture nodal cuttings continued to elongate and produce leaves under elevated CO2 and light levels, and some formed roots. Subculture of microcuttings under CO2 enrichment could be the basis for a rapid system of micropropagation for cacao. Chemical names used: N -(phenylmethyl) -1 H -purin-6-amine (BA); 1 H -indole-3-butyric `acid (IBA); α -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); thidiazuron (TDZ).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased CO2 and Light Promote in Vitro Shoot Growth and Development of Theobroma cacao

Figueira¹,

Whipkey²,

Janick³

1991

jashs

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“…Although efforts have been made to develop organogenesis-based propagation methods, cacao has proven to be recalcitrant to in vitro shoot regeneration and plant micropropagation (Orchard et al, 1979;Passey and Jones, 1983;Flynn et al, 1990;Figueira and Janick, 1994). Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis provides an alternative approach for clonal propagation of cacao.…”

Section: ]Ntroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from floral explants of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) using thidiazuron

Traore

Maximova

et al. 1998

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

130

155

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SUMMARYA procedure for the regeneration of cacao (Theobroma cacao) plants from staminode explants via somatic embryogenesis was developed. Rapidly growing calli were induced by culturing staminode explants on a DKW salts-based primary callus growth (PCG) medium supplemented with 20 g glucose per L, 9 ~M 2,4-D, and thidiazuron (TDZ) at various concentrations. Calli were subcultured onto a WPM salts-based secondary callus growth medium supplemented with 20 g glucose per L, 9 ltM 2,4-D, and 1.4 nM kinetin. Somatic embryos were formed from embryogenic calli following transfer to a hormonefree DKW salts-based embryo development medium containing sucrose. The concentration of TDZ used in PCG medium significantly affected the rate of callus growth, the frequency of embryogenesis, and the number of somatic embryos produced from each responsive explant. A TDZ concentration of 22.7 nM was found to be the optimal concentration for effective induction of somatic embryos from various cacao genotypes. Using this procedure, we recovered somatic embryos from all 19 tested cacao genotypes, representing three major genetic group types. However, among these genotypes, a wide range of variation was observed in both the frequency of embryogenesis, which ranged from 1 to 100%, and the average number of somatic embryos produced from each responsive explant, which ranged from 2 to 46. Two types of somatic embryos were identified on the hasis cff their visual appearance and growth behavior. A large number of cacao plants have been regenerated from somatic embryos and established in soil in a greenhouse. Plants showed morphological and growth characteristics similar to those of seed-derived plants. The described procedure may allow for the practical use of somatic embryogenesis for clonal propagation of elite cacao clones and other applications that require the production of a large number of plants from limited source materials.

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“…The basal woody plant medium (WPM) (Lloyd and McCown, 1981 as modified by Flynn et al, 1990) containing myo-inositol (100 mg l -1 ), nicotinic acid (0.5 mg l -1 ), pyridoxine.HCl (0.5 mg l -1 ), thiamine.HCl (0.7 mg l -1 ), adenine sulphate (0.5 mg l -1 ), L-leucine (0.4 mg l -1 ), L-arginine (0.4 mg l -1 ), L-tryptophan (0.2 mg l -1 ), and glycine (2.0 mg l -1 ), 30 g l -1 refined white table sugar and solidified with 7 g l -1 agar-agar (Pronadisa TM , Hispanlab, S.A. Madrid) was used in all experiments. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.8 and then, the medium was dispensed at 10 ml in glass vials (95 x 28 mm) prior to autoclaving at 1.1 kg cm -2 (121 ºC) for 20 min.…”

Section: Culture Medium and Incubation Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro culture of rose species (Rosa spp.) via axillary bud growth

Rosa

Belarmino

2007

ATR

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The utilization of nodal stem cuttings containing dormant axillary buds as explants for plant production of two rose species; Rosa chinensis cv.‘Old Blush’ and R. centifolia cv. ‘Petite de Hollande’ was demonstrated in this study. This propagation technique required the breaking of dormant axillary buds by aseptically culturing them in agarsolidified Woody Plant Medium (WPM) added with 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l-1 of 6benzylaminopurine (BAP) or, a combination of 2.0 mg l-1 BAP and 0.01 mg l-1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Production of multiple adventitious shoots from one nodal stem explant was obtained after three months of culture in medium supplemented with 1.0 or 2.0 mg l-1 BAP. Four types of plant morphology; single shoot (type 1), multiple shoots with normal leaves (type 2), cluster of tiny shoots with curly leaves (type 3), and single shoot with callus at the base (type 4) were observed from the axillary bud-derived plantlets. The rooting of plantlets was induced in WPM containing 0.25 to 1.0 mg l-1 of indole-butyric acid (IBA) or, 2.0 mg l-1 of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).

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Theobroma cacao L.: an axillary bud in vitro propagation procedure

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Increased CO2 and Light Promote in Vitro Shoot Growth and Development of Theobroma cacao

Increased CO2 and Light Promote in Vitro Shoot Growth and Development of Theobroma cacao

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from floral explants of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) using thidiazuron

In vitro culture of rose species (Rosa spp.) via axillary bud growth

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