Theology, political

Abstract

The concept of political theology was the subject of important controversies in European, and especially German, philosophy, social science and jurisprudence in the twentieth century. After the First World War, a debate took place between the jurist Carl Schmitt, an influential right-wing critic of parliamentary democracy in the Weimar Republic, and the theologian Erik Peterson. Another debate was occasioned by a new, leftist political interpretation of biblical texts in the years after 1960. In that context, ‘political theology’ designates philosophical positions influenced by neo-Marxist philosophies, such as the critical theory of the Frankfurt School. The earlier controversy between Schmitt and Peterson played a role in this later debate as well. Johann Baptist Metz is probably the most important representative of political theology in the later controversy.

Religion in the Public Sphere

“…And in the course of the 'Hellenization of Christianity', philosophy in turn took on board and assimilated many religious motifs and concepts, specifically those from the history of salvation. 47 The complex web of inheritance cannot be understood solely along the line of a history of Being, as Heidegger claimed. 48 Greek concepts such as 'autonomy' and 'individuality' or Roman concepts such as 'emancipation' and 'solidarity' have long since been shot through with meanings of a Judeo-Christian origin.…”

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy and complementary techniques applied for the study of copper and iron wastes from Motya (Italy)

“…Data on microstructure, mineralogy, and chemistry of the slags suggested that the samples can be classified in copper and iron slags. [ 13,63 ]…”

“…However, it is not always easy to associate a waste to a given metallurgical process because the internal structure, chemical composition, and material performance of the object undergo changes continuously, especially during the long history of corrosion through time. [ 6,13,14 ] Therefore, in addition to common techniques as optical microscope, we decided to employ the capabilities of Raman spectroscopy, which can identify at the same time the mineralogical nature of the remaining original ore in the slag involved during the smelting process and discriminate between different polymorphs and corrosion products formed during the burial time. Raman spectroscopy represents an excellent tool in the investigation of Cultural Heritage field, not only because of its non‐invasiveness but also because it allows the identification of the corrosion phases occurring at microscopic scale, providing a fingerprint of the compound under study.…”