Antimicrobial
nonwovens for single use applications (e.g., diapers,
sanitary napkins, medical gauze, etc.) are of utmost importance as
the first line of defense against bacterial infections. However, the
utilization of petrochemical nondegradable polymers in such nonwovens
creates sustainability-related issues. Here, sustainable poly(hydroxybutyrate)
(PHB) and ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PLL) submicro- and
microfiber-based antimicrobial nonwovens produced by a novel industrially
scalable process, solution blowing, have been proposed. In such nonwovens,
ε-PLL acts as an active material. In particular, it was found
that most of ε-PLL is released within the first hour of deployment,
as is desirable for the applications of interest. The submicro- and
microfiber mat was tested against C. albicans and E. coli, and it was found that ε-PLL-releasing
microfibers result in a significant reduction of bacterial colonies.
It was also found that ε-PLL-releasing antimicrobial submicro-
and microfiber nonwovens are safe for human cells in fibroblast culture.
Mechanical characterization of these nonwovens revealed that, even
though they are felt as soft and malleable, they possess sufficient
strength, which is desirable in the end-user applications.