Theoretical and Experimental Study to Determine Voltage Violation, Reverse Electric Current and Losses in Prosumers Connected to Low-Voltage Power Grid

Torres, Igor Cavalcante; Negreiros, Gustavo Fernandes de; Tiba, Chigueru

doi:10.3390/en12234568

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The presence of a DG leads to an increase in the voltage level, which can cause the voltage at this point to become higher than the substation voltage, thus inducing a reverse flow to the connection point with the medium voltage electrical network (Torres & Tiba, 2019).…”

Section: 𝛥𝑉 = 𝑅𝑃 + 𝑋𝑄 − 𝑄 𝑉mentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage Regulation in Rural Networks With Distributed Generation

et al. 2023

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The increase in distributed generation (DG) interferes with the energy distribution system, which may present low voltages due to voltage drops and high voltages due to the insertion of distributed generation, resulting from renewable energy sources in rural areas. These voltage levels must be controlled to comply with the limits imposed by the distribution rules and procedures (PRODIST). This study aims to evaluate the voltage rise caused by DG, simulating three DG insertion scenarios, as well as simulate strategies to correct these voltage levels, such as the limitation of the active power supply, the reactive supply by the consumer and the utility, and the installation of on-load tap changers. The simulations were performed using the MATLAB ® program, more specifically the PSAT toolbox. Correction techniques were simulated using the active power supply limitation method, the reactive power supply method by consumers, and the voltage regulator process once the voltage rise effect was identified. The first two proved to be ineffective in this case, while the last one meets the voltage levels required by the National Electric Energy Agency.

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Section: 𝛥𝑉 = 𝑅𝑃 + 𝑋𝑄 − 𝑄 𝑉mentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage Regulation in Rural Networks With Distributed Generation

et al. 2023

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“…Likewise, the overgeneration of PV solar production may lead to the appearance of RPFs in low-voltage networks [7,18]. Reverse power flow in a low-voltage (LV) network can cause instability, such as in the line sections and distribution transformers [19,20]. The overloading of the distribution transformer is one consequence of a low-load, high-PV penetration network; higher voltages are also seen at low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Reverse Power Flow on Distributed Transformers in a Solar-Photovoltaic-Integrated Low-Voltage Network

Majeed

Nwulu

2022

Energies

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Modern low-voltage distribution systems necessitate solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration. One of the primary concerns with this grid-connected PV system is overloading due to reverse power flow, which degrades the life of distribution transformers. This study investigates transformer overload issues due to reverse power flow in a low-voltage network with high PV penetration. A simulation model of a real urban electricity company in Ghana is investigated against various PV penetration levels by load flows with ETAP software. The impact of reverse power flow on the radial network transformer loadings is examined for high PV penetrations. Using the least squares method, simulation results are modelled in Excel software. Transformer backflow limitations are determined by correlating operating loads with PV penetration. At high PV penetration, the models predict reverse power flow into the transformer. Interpolations from the correlation models show transformer backflow operating limits of 78.04 kVA and 24.77% at the threshold of reverse power flow. These limits correspond to a maximum PV penetration limit of 88.30%. In low-voltage networks with high PV penetration; therefore, planners should consider transformer overload limits caused by reverse power flow, which degrades transformer life. This helps select control schemes near substation transformers to limit reverse power flow.

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“…The work carried out by Bayer et al [2] approached on the operational experience of several German distribution companies regarding the operational problems before the distributed generation. Torres et al [4] presented evidences, experimental and theoretical, related to the emergence of overvoltage in the points of energy supply in a low-voltage urban power grid with predominantly residential loads, considering a clear sky day. In the work of Marcos et al [5], a confrontation is carried out with the state of the art, where the author used the moving average technique to quantify the necessary requisition of storage to mitigate fluctuations of photovoltaic energy.…”

Section: Introduction 1research Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage Regulation For Residential Prosumers Using a Set of Scalable Power Storage

et al. 2021

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Among the electrical problems observed from the solar irradiation variability, the electrical energy quality and the energetic dispatch guarantee stand out. The great revolution in batteries technologies has fostered its usage with the installation of photovoltaic system (PVS). This work presents a proposition for voltage regulation for residential prosumers using a set of scalable power batteries in passive mode, operating as a consumer device. The mitigation strategy makes decisions acting directly on the demand, for a storage bank, and the power of the storage element is selected in consequence of the results obtained from the power flow calculation step combined with the prediction of the solar radiation calculated by a recurrent neural network Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) type. The results from the solar radiation predictions are used as subsidies to estimate, the state of the power grid, solving the power flow and evidencing the values of the electrical voltages 1-min enabling the entry of the storage device. In this stage, the OpenDSS (Open distribution system simulator) software is used, to perform the complete modeling of the power grid where the study will be developed, as well as simulating the effect of the overvoltages mitigation system. The clear sky day stored 9111 Wh/day of electricity to mitigate overvoltages at the supply point; when compared to other days, the clear sky day needed to store less electricity. On days of high variability, the energy stored to regulate overvoltages was 84% more compared to a clear day. In order to maintain a constant state of charge (SoC), it is necessary that the capacity of the battery bank be increased to meet the condition of maximum accumulated energy. Regarding the total loading of the storage system, the days of low variability consumed approximately 12% of the available capacity of the battery, considering the SoC of 70% of the capacity of each power level.

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Theoretical and Experimental Study to Determine Voltage Violation, Reverse Electric Current and Losses in Prosumers Connected to Low-Voltage Power Grid

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Voltage Regulation in Rural Networks With Distributed Generation

Voltage Regulation in Rural Networks With Distributed Generation

Impact of Reverse Power Flow on Distributed Transformers in a Solar-Photovoltaic-Integrated Low-Voltage Network

Voltage Regulation For Residential Prosumers Using a Set of Scalable Power Storage

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