Theoretical and methodological solutions for the cluster policy development

Abstract

Creating clusters has a positive effect on the functioning of both the internal structures of the cluster and the economies of the regions and industries where they are located (savings in transaction costs, optimization of the technological chain of product passage, rationalization of the management system, etc.). At the same time, in the course of the research, the most inherent characteristics of clusters were singled out, the scheme was constructed and the brief interpretation was given. It has been established that the main and integral components of any cluster are: 1) cooperation and integration; 2) territorial or sectoral location; 3) the optimal set of participants; 4) specialization, rational division of labor and complementarity; 5) synergistic effect; 6) innovation and investment; 7) cluster life cycle. To concretize the above, characteristic signs of cluster development or different stages of the life cycle are formulated: Stage I – the existing set of enterprises and organizations, called agglomeration; Stage II – the resulting cluster; Stage III – becoming a cluster; Stage IV – completed cluster; Stage V – rebuilt cluster.