Theoretical and statistical derivation of a screener for the behavioral assessment of executive functions in children.

Garcia‐Barrera, Mauricio A.; Kamphaus, Randy W.; Bandalos, Deborah L

doi:10.1037/a0021097

Cited by 32 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…Relatedly, EF was examined only through parent-reported questionnaire data and not through performance-based tasks. While the incorporation of such tasks would have strengthened the assessment of EF, the use of behaviorally-based questionnaires has been advocated as a more ecological-relevant and practical approach to assessing EF in youth (Garcia-Barrera, Kamphaus, & Bandalos, 2011). Also notable is recent research by Toplak and colleagues (2013) who describe performance-based tasks and behavioral ratings as each assessing unique aspects of EF with little overlapping variance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functioning as a Mediator of Conduct Problems Prevention in Children of Homeless Families Residing in Temporary Supportive Housing: A Parallel Process Latent Growth Modeling Approach

Piehler

Bloomquist

August

et al. 2013

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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A culturally diverse sample of formerly homeless youth (ages 6 – 12) and their families (n=223) participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial of the Early Risers conduct problems prevention program in a supportive housing setting. Parents provided 4 annual behaviorally-based ratings of executive functioning (EF) and conduct problems, including at baseline, over 2 years of intervention programming, and at a 1-year follow-up assessment. Using intent-to-treat analyses, a multilevel latent growth model revealed that the intervention group demonstrated reduced growth in conduct problems over the 4 assessment points. In order to examine mediation, a multilevel parallel process latent growth model was used to simultaneously model growth in EF and growth in conduct problems along with intervention status as a covariate. A significant mediational process emerged, with participation in the intervention promoting growth in EF, which predicted negative growth in conduct problems. The model was consistent with changes in EF fully mediating intervention-related changes in youth conduct problems over the course of the study. These findings highlight the critical role that EF plays in behavioral change and lends further support to its importance as a target in preventive interventions with populations at risk for conduct problems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functioning as a Mediator of Conduct Problems Prevention in Children of Homeless Families Residing in Temporary Supportive Housing: A Parallel Process Latent Growth Modeling Approach

Piehler

Bloomquist

August

et al. 2013

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…Our method extends previous work that aimed to identify ADHD in BCS70 (Brassett‐Grundy & Butler, ) by adhering more closely to the current definition of ADHD and estimating a more precise dimensional measure. We also built upon the work of Garcia‐Barrera et al () by incorporating a data mining framework, more nuanced modeling technique, validation through comparisons with mapped reference scales (e.g., SDQ), and epidemiology. Furthermore, we have replicated part of Wall et al () by reusing the ZIMM model, strengthening their findings, and applying the model to a different psychiatric construct (ADHD).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They aggregated items and standardized as a general approach. Garcia‐Barrera, Kamphaus, and Bandalos () derived a scale to screen for executive function difficulties using items from the Behavior Assessment System for Children in an existing dataset. They mapped Behavior Assessment System for Children items to four executive function domains and estimated dimensional measures using factor analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They mapped Behavior Assessment System for Children items to four executive function domains and estimated dimensional measures using factor analysis. Psychometric properties were evaluated using an expert panel to review the mapping, Cronbach's alpha, and measurement invariance by age and gender (Garcia‐Barrera et al, ). A similar factor analysis approach has been used elsewhere to retrospectively measure intelligence, personality, and behavior factors (Gale, Hatch, Batty, & Deary, ; Prevoo & ter Weel, ; von Stumm, Gale, Batty, & Deary, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A data mining and item response mixture modeling method to retrospectively measure Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐5 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the 1970 British Cohort Study

Cotton

Baker

2018

Int J Methods Psych Res

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Objective To facilitate future outcome studies, we aimed to develop a robust and replicable method for estimating a categorical and dimensional measure of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐5 (DSM‐5) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). Method Following a data mining framework, we mapped DSM‐5 ADHD symptoms to age 10 BCS70 data (N = 11,426) and derived a 16‐item scale (α = 0.85). Mapping was validated by an expert panel. A categorical subgroup was derived (n = 594, 5.2%), and a zero‐inflated item response theory (IRT) mixture model fitted to estimate a dimensional measure. Results Subgroup composition was comparable with other ADHD samples. Relative risk ratios (ADHD/not ADHD) included boys = 1.38, unemployed fathers = 2.07, below average reading = 2.58, and depressed parent = 3.73. Our estimated measures correlated with two derived reference scales: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire hyperactivity (r = 0.74) and a Rutter/Conners‐based scale (r = 0.81), supporting construct validity. IRT model items (symptoms) had moderate to high discrimination (0.90–2.81) and provided maximum information at average to moderate theta levels of ADHD (0.5–1.75). Conclusion We extended previous work to identify ADHD in BCS70, derived scales from existing data, modeled ADHD items with IRT, and adjusted for a zero‐inflated distribution. Psychometric properties were promising, and this work will enable future studies of causal mechanisms in ADHD.

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“…A typical CFA analysis of individual differences approach statistically extracts what is common among the tasks selected to tap the same putative executive mechanism and then uses that purer latent variable factor to determine the interrelations between the different executive mechanisms. CFA has been widely applied in social psychology but has been also successfully employed in the cognitive domain to explore the underlying mechanisms that subserve executive abilities in schoolaged children (eg., Garcia-Barrera, Kamphaus, & Bandalos, 2011;Garcia-Barrera, Karr, & Kamphaus, 2013), young adults (e.g., Friedman et al, 2008; and older adults (Hull, Martin, Beier, Lane, & Hamilton, 2008).…”

Section: Control Mechanism?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selecting and inhibiting responses: Common cognitive and neural substrates?

Bender¹

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Despite the brain receiving a constant influx of sensory information in ever-changing environments, humans are nonetheless able to flexibly guide their behaviour in accordance with higher goals and plans. The cognitive system achieves this by implementing executive control processes that monitor, regulate and alter the settings of lower level cognitive processes that are involved in analyzing incoming sensory information and executing motor plans. At the core of goal-directed behaviour are the abilities to select appropriate responses and inhibit planned actions in response to changes in the environment or internal states. While there have been considerable advancements made in understanding the behavioural and neural substrates of response selection and response inhibition, we currently know relatively little about the relationship and possible interplay between these two key cognitive operations. The experiments in this thesis investigate the behavioural and neural overlap in response selection and response inhibition processes by identifying the latent structure that underpins performance in a wide range of action control tasks, exploring the causal role of a brain region that has been implicated in both processes, and by inspecting the degree to which response selection training transfers to other response selection and inhibitory control tasks.Study 1 describes a behavioural study that employed an individual differences approach to investigate the underlying relationships across a battery of common response selection tasks (as measured by the psychological refractory period paradigm (PRP), single response selection task, and attentional blink (AB) task), and response inhibition tasks (as measured by the stop-signal task (SST), Go-Nogo tasks, Stroop, and Flanker task). In order to avoid task impurity and construct validity problems that can seriously undermine the utility of correlational and exploratory factor analytic studies, I used confirmatory factor analysis to statistically extract only what is common about the tasks.Using this approach, I found that response inhibition and response selection were separable, with SST and Go-Nogo task performance related to response inhibition, and the PRP, Stroop, Single Response Selection, and AB tasks related to response selection.These findings suggest that response selection and response inhibition reflect two distinct cognitive operations.As neurocognitive work has implicated the superior medial frontal cortex (SMFC) in both response selection and the proactive modulation of response tendencies when stopping is occasionally required (inhibitory response selection control), it suggests that the neural substrates for these two cognitive operations overlap in this brain region. In Response selection performance is typically compromised due to the processing limitations associated with cognitive control and decision-making when completing two tasks together relative to when completing the component tasks in isolation. While these multitasking performance decr...

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Theoretical and statistical derivation of a screener for the behavioral assessment of executive functions in children.

Cited by 32 publications

References 81 publications

Executive Functioning as a Mediator of Conduct Problems Prevention in Children of Homeless Families Residing in Temporary Supportive Housing: A Parallel Process Latent Growth Modeling Approach

Executive Functioning as a Mediator of Conduct Problems Prevention in Children of Homeless Families Residing in Temporary Supportive Housing: A Parallel Process Latent Growth Modeling Approach

A data mining and item response mixture modeling method to retrospectively measure Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐5 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the 1970 British Cohort Study

Selecting and inhibiting responses: Common cognitive and neural substrates?

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