The economic security of an enterprise involves practical and deliberate management, which is the basis for creating competitive advantages with the help of available resources, in which the emphasis is on the security and economic sustainability of the enterprise. The article discusses the main mechanisms for ensuring economic security. To determine an effective mechanism, we consider the necessary structural elements and components of the economic system that ensure the achievement of the goal of the economic policy of the enterprise, we single out the types and conduct a typology of economic policy threats. The article also analyzes the possibilities of the economic mechanism in ensuring the economic and financial security of the enterprise.