Theoretical bases for karyotype evolution. II. The fusion burst in man and mouse.

Abstract

As a theoretical standard for evaluating the high incidence of centric fusion in man and mouse, the relative probabilities of occurrence of reciprocal translocation (Tr), inversion (In) and centric fusion (Fu) were estimated based on the randomcontact-and-exchange model. It was shown by this model that centric fusion was extremely rare (Fu=0.0002, In=0.0521 and Tr=0.9477 for a human haploid karyotype).On the other hand, the occurrence rate of centric fusion in human newborn babies and European feral mice was about 500-1,000 times higher than the theoretically expected values, which is termed here the "fusion burst". We suggest that the fusion burst may be induced by the physical proximity of telomeres on the nuclear membrane, and the exchange of DNA strands by errors of telomere replication mechanisms.The cytogenetical significance of the fusion burst is discussed with regard to the minimum interaction hypothesis proposed by Imai et al. (1986). We suggest two closely linked possibilities that (1) the fusion burst in man and mouse can theoretically be placed in karyotype evolution as a transitional phase in the main stream of the fission-inversion cycle, and (2) it may be accelerated by some unknown (mutagenic) factors other than ionizing radiation.

C-banding and FISH in chromosomes of the blow flies Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya putoria (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

“…Meiotic chromosomes were obtained from the testicular cells of young males. Hypotonic treatment and fixation were performed as described by Imai et al (1988).…”

Karyotype evolution in the social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae).

“…5f), they may be induced by centric fusion (or more precisely telomere fusion) as suggested by Imai et al (1988b). These acrocentrics are quite distinguishable from the pseudoacrocentriccs (AM) of Vespa.…”

Comparative cytogenetic study in Muscidae flies

“…Meiotic chromosomes were obtained from the testicular cells of young males. Hypotonic treatment and fixation were done as described by Imai et al (1988). Mean descriptive values of the karyotype were calculated using the information obtained from a minimum of one well spread mitotic metaphase plate from each of 5-10 individuals.…”