Theoretical Effect of Yield and Burst Height of Atmospheric Explosions on Rayleigh Wave Amplitudes

Harkrider, David G.; Newton, C.A.; Flinn, Edward A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb03632.x

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Some disagreement between the surface-wave magnitudes calculated by these two methods exists, but this disparity is not sufficient to affect the estimated yield significantly. In the region of the intersection point located in Figure 4, the peak energies of the Rayleigh waves from this event and the simulated Rayleigh waves in Harkrider et al (1974) are all located at periods of approximately 20 s. Upon comparing our findings with previous results, our estimation agrees with the yield (approximately 500 kt) accepted by most agencies.…”

Section: × 10 14supporting

confidence: 88%

Seismic characteristics of the 15 February 2013 bolide explosion in Chelyabinsk, Russia

Wei

Zhao

Xie

et al. 2018

Earth and Planetary Physics

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The seismological characteristics of the 15 February 2013 Chelyabinsk bolide explosion are investigated based on seismograms recorded at 50 stations with epicentral distances ranging from 229 to 4324 km. By using 8–25 s vertical‐component Rayleigh waveforms, we obtain a surface‐wave magnitude of 4.17±0.31 for this event. According to the relationship among the Rayleigh‐wave magnitude, burst height and explosive yield, the explosion yield is estimated to be 686 kt. Using a single‐force source to fit the observed Rayleigh waveforms, we obtain a single force of 1.03×1012 N, which is equivalent to the impact from the shock wave generated by the bolide explosion.

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Section: × 10 14supporting

confidence: 88%

Seismic characteristics of the 15 February 2013 bolide explosion in Chelyabinsk, Russia

Wei

Zhao

Xie

et al. 2018

Earth and Planetary Physics

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“…where the half-space Rayleigh response is (Harkrider, 1970;Harkrider et al, 1974;Hudson and Douglas, 1975) a. = o~--- These expressions agree with the Rayleigh-wave displacements, which one would obtain from the P and SV separated equation (61).…”

Section: Olsupporting

confidence: 73%

Theoretical Rayleigh and Love waves from an explosion in prestressed source regions

1995

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences &am

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Expressions and synthetics for Rayleigh and Love waves generated by theoretical tectonic release models are presented. The multipole formulas are given in terms of the strengths and time functions of the source potentials. This form of the Rayleigh and Love wave expressions is convenient for separating the contribution to the Rayleigh wave due to the compressional and shear-wave source radiation and the contribution of the upgoing and downgoing source radiation for both Rayleigh and Love waves. Because of the ease of using different compression and shear-wave source time functions, these formulas are especially suited for sources for which second-and higher-order moment tensors are needed to describe the source, such as the initial value cavity release problem.A frequently used model of tectonic release is a double couple superimposed on an explosion. Eventually, we will compare synthetics of this and more realistic models in order to determine for what dimensions of the tectonic release model this assumption is valid and whether the Rayleigh wave is most sensitive to the compressional or shear-wave source history. The pure shear cavity release model is a double couple with separate P-and S-wave source histories. The time scales are proportional to the source region's dimension and differ by their respective body-wave velocities. Thus, a convenient way to model the effect of differing shot point velocities and source dimensions is to run a suite of doublecouple source history calculations for the P-and SV-wave sources separately and then sum the different combinations.One of the more interesting results from this analysis is that the well-known effect of vanishing Rayleigh-wave amplitude as a vertical or horizontal dip-slip double-couple model approaches the free surface is due to the destructive interference between the P-and SV-wave generated Rayleigh waves. The individual Rayleigh-wave amplitudes, unlike the SH-generated Love waves, are comparable in size to those from other double-couple orientations. This has important implications to the modeling of Rayleigh waves from shallow dipslip fault models. Also, the P-wave radiation from double-couple sources is a more efficient generator of Rayleigh waves than the associated SV wave or the P wave from explosions. The latter is probably due to the vertical radiation pattern or amplitude variation over the wave front. This effect should be similar to that of the interaction of wave-front curvature with the free surface.

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“…Seismic waves with a period of about 240 s excited by the pressure pulse near a nuclear explosion in the air were observed by a ground tiltmeter [Ben-Menahem and Singh, 1981] at a teleseismic distance. Harkrider et al [1974] computed theoretical seismograms from atmospheric point sources for the funda- Figure 1. The same boundary conditions used in Figure 2 are applied.…”

Section: Resonance Mechanism Between the Atmosphere And The Solid Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic resonant oscillations between the atmosphere and the solid earth during the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption

Watada¹,

Kanamori²

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Long-period harmonic Rayleigh waves were observed on seismometers during the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines. The amplitude spectrum of the Rayleigh waves shows two distinct peaks at periods of about 230 and 270 s. In the Earth's atmosphere, long-wavelength standing acoustic waves are bounded in a low-sound-velocity channel between the thermosphere and the ground. The Rayleigh waves and the fundamental and first overtone of atmospheric acoustic waves trapped in the low-sound-velocity channels have approximately the same horizontal wavelength and frequency at periods of 230 and 270 s, respectively, i.e., the atmosphere and the solid earth satisfy the condition for acoustic resonant oscillations. The standing atmospheric long-wavelength acoustic waves set off by the eruption selectively excited seismic spheroidal modes near the resonant period through acoustic resonant coupling and resulted in harmonic Rayleigh waves. In contrast, gravity waves and Lamb waves (atmospheric boundary waves) do not couple to the ground efficiently and are not easily observed as ground disturbance on seismograms during volcanic eruptions.Citation: Watada, S., and H. Kanamori (2010), Acoustic resonant oscillations between the atmosphere and the solid earth during the 1991 Mt.

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Theoretical Effect of Yield and Burst Height of Atmospheric Explosions on Rayleigh Wave Amplitudes

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Seismic characteristics of the 15 February 2013 bolide explosion in Chelyabinsk, Russia

Seismic characteristics of the 15 February 2013 bolide explosion in Chelyabinsk, Russia

Theoretical Rayleigh and Love waves from an explosion in prestressed source regions

Acoustic resonant oscillations between the atmosphere and the solid earth during the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption

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