Theoretical foundations of obtaining extracts from antlers of North deer

Abstract

Reindeer velvet antlers are a valuable raw material for the production of various medicinal products, since they concentrate a whole range of macro-and microelements, amino acids and lipids, hormones and enzymes in reindeer antlers, they can be used as an additional source of nutrients. Practical methods of extracting valuable components from reindeer antlers are not optimal. The losses of velvet antler raw materials due to the immaturity of extraction technology are really heavy. Considering that reindeer antlers are scarce and quite expensive raw materials, their full-scale use is of vital importance. The problem of maximum extraction of valuable components from reindeer antlers by extraction has been posed and solved. At the same time, there has been studied the influence of fineness of grinding of raw materials, temperature and various extraction methods such as maceration, remaceration, percolation, repercolation, etc. Much help in optimizing the extraction parameters is provided by mathematical methods in order to calculate the total extraction efficiency. The preliminary calculations of the efficiency of extraction revealed the best results for extraction processes using velvet antler raw materials of fine grinding, for this reason further calculations were made taking into account the parameters of this fraction. As a result of the experiments, the decisive influence of the extraction stage on the yield of valuable extragents was determined. Thus, with maceration (single-stage extraction) and the ratio of the raw material and the extragent of 1: 11.6 the efficiency is equal to 86.4 %, with three-stage extraction-it is 97.5 %, and with four-stage extraction it is 98.4 %. It follows that when extracting the velvet antler raw material by the remaceration method the best option is to carry out four extraction stages and use the fine grinding raw material.