Theoretical Investigation of an Alcohol-Filled Tellurite Photonic Crystal Fiber Temperature Sensor Based on Four-Wave Mixing

Sun, Yue; Yan, Xin; Wang, Fang; Zhang, Xuenan; Li, Shuguang; Suzuki, Takenobu; Ohishi, Yasutake; Cheng, Tonglei

doi:10.3390/s20041007

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In addition, the thermal optical coefficient of tellurite glass is -6 orders of magnitude, so the quantitative change in the refractive index of the tellurite glass with the temperature can be ignored when calculating the effective refractive index [13]. Besides, the refractive indexes (RIs) of methane and hydrogen gas-sensitive films are shown in ( 9) -( 10) [8].…”

Section: Sensing Mechanism and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nonlinear coefficient of the tellurite PCF is more than ten times that of the silicon substrate, which makes it easier to meet the phase matching conditions to generate the highly efficient FWM. In 2020, Sun et al [13] realized temperature sensing by using the FWM in the tellurite photonic crystal fiber, and the temperature sensitivity of the sensor was 0.7 nm/℃ at the pumped wavelength of 3 550 nm. In the following year, Chen et al [14] realized FWM temperature sensing in the chalcogenide PCF, and the sensitivity was as high as 2.32 nm/℃ in the range of -80 ℃ to 45 ℃, with a pump wavelength of 8 510 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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D-Shaped Tellurite Photonic Crystal Fiber Hydrogen and Methane Sensor Based on Four-Wave Mixing With SPR Effect

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

Photonic Sens

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A new D-shaped tellurite photonic crystal fiber sensor based on the four-wave mixing (FWM) effect with the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect is designed and optimized. The substrate of the D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (D-PCF) is tellurite glass, and the polished surface is plated with the gold film and hydrogen gas-sensitive film. An air hole of the inner cladding, which is plated with the gold film and methane gas-sensitive film, is selected as the second sensing channel to simultaneously measure the concentration of hydrogen and methane. Based on the four-wave mixing, the wavelength shifts of the Stokes and anti-Stokes spectra resulting from the variation of the gas concentration can be used to accurately detect the concentrations of methane and hydrogen. Meanwhile, it is found that the SPR effect can increase the wavelength shifts, which means the sensitivity of methane and hydrogen augment. After parameter optimization, the maximum sensitivities of methane and hydrogen are 4.03 nm/% and −14.19 nm/%, respectively. Both the linearities are up to 99.9%. The resolution of methane is 1.25×10−2% and hydrogen is 7.14×10−3%. Moreover, the fiber length of this sensor is only 20 mm, which is conducive to the construction of a compact or ultra-compact embedded FWM fiber sensor.

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Section: Sensing Mechanism and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

D-Shaped Tellurite Photonic Crystal Fiber Hydrogen and Methane Sensor Based on Four-Wave Mixing With SPR Effect

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

Photonic Sens

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“…It is an emerging technology to improve the amount of communication information. The construction of all-optical networks requires the support of high-performance optical devices [4][5][6]. Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has become the first choice for preparing optical devices because of its excellent performance and low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Short Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Polarization Beam Splitter with Round Lattice and As2S3-Filled Center Air Hole

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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A circular ultra-short As2S3 filled double-core photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter is proposed. The finite element method is used to study the performance of the designed photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter. By filling high refractive index As2S3 into the central air hole, the coupling performance of the double-core PCF is improved. By optimizing geometric parameters, the splitting length of the circular beam splitter can be as short as 72.43 μm, and the extinction ratio can reach −151.42 dB. The high extinction ratio makes the circular polarization beam splitter have a good beam splitting function. The designed circular double-core photonic crystal fiber has the same cladding pore diameter, which is easier to prepare than other photonic crystal fibers with complex pore structure. Due to the advantages of high extinction ratio, extremely short beam splitting function and simple structure, the designed polarization beam splitter will be widely used in all-optical networks and optical device preparation.

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“…Compared with quartz materials, tellurite glass has attracted wide attentions due to its unique characteristics, including wider infrared transmission range, greater nonlinear refractive index, better insulation constant, damage threshold, and better third-order nonlinear optical performance [14] 、 [15]. The refractive index (RI) of tellurite glass is about 2.0, which is an order of magnitude larger than that of quartz and beneficial for enhancing the nonlinear coefficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Sensitive Sensor of Methane and Hydrogen in Tellurite Photonic Crystal Fiber based on Four-Wave Mixing

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A tellurite photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor structure is proposed for simultaneous measurements of the methane and hydrogen. The structure is a simple hexagonal three-cladding structure, and six air holes in the inner cladding are coated with methane-sensitive film and hydrogen-sensitive film respectively. Based on the degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) theory, the direct relationship between the wavelength shifts of Stokes spectrum or anti-Stokes spectrum and the variations of gas concentration can be established to realize the accurate detection of gas concentration. The influences of pump wavelength and gas-sensitive film thickness on the gas sensitivity are investigated, and the maximum sensitivity of methane and hydrogen after parameter optimization are -2.052nm/% and -0.236nm/%, respectively. The linearity of the fitting can reach up to 99.95%, and the low detection limit of methane is 450ppm and hydrogen is 2500ppm. The sensing method based on four-wave mixing in non-silica photonic crystal fiber also can be extended to other detections of gas-mixture in the mid-infrared field.

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Theoretical Investigation of an Alcohol-Filled Tellurite Photonic Crystal Fiber Temperature Sensor Based on Four-Wave Mixing

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

D-Shaped Tellurite Photonic Crystal Fiber Hydrogen and Methane Sensor Based on Four-Wave Mixing With SPR Effect

D-Shaped Tellurite Photonic Crystal Fiber Hydrogen and Methane Sensor Based on Four-Wave Mixing With SPR Effect

Ultra-Short Dual-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Polarization Beam Splitter with Round Lattice and As2S3-Filled Center Air Hole

A Highly Sensitive Sensor of Methane and Hydrogen in Tellurite Photonic Crystal Fiber based on Four-Wave Mixing

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