“…This may be attributed to the fact that the NSM reinforcement in the fully bonded strengthened beam behaved as a beam action, while the NSM reinforcement in the partial bonded strengthened beam behaves as a combination of tie and beam action. The behavior of unbonded reinforcement as a combination of tie and beam action was previously examined by Sallam et al [33][34] and Rafeeqi [35][36]. This finding is in agreement with previous work studied the effect of partially bonded reinforcement in strengthened steel beams [37] or RC beams [30].…”