Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies

Kewley, Lisa J.; Dopita, Michael A.; Sutherland, Ralph S.; Heisler, Charlene A.; Trevena, J.

doi:10.1086/321545

Cited by 2,539 publications

(4,148 citation statements)

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“…8 Kewley et al (2001; which represents the theoretical maximum line ratios possible by pure photoionization) and the shock-ionization models of Allen et al (2008). In Fig.…”

Section: Dominant Source Of Lyα Photonsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Lyman alpha reference sample

Duval

Östlin

Hayes

et al. 2016

A&A

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Context. Recent numerical simulations suggest that the strength of the Lyman alpha (Lyα) line of star-forming disk galaxies strongly depends on the inclination at which they are observed: from edge-on to face-on, we expect to see a change from a strongly attenuated Lyα line to a strong Lyα emission line. Aims. We aim to understand how a strong Lyα emission line is able to escape from the low-redshift highly inclined (edge-on) disk galaxy Mrk 1486 (z ∼ 0.0338). To our knowledge, this work is the first observational study of Lyα transport inside an edge-on disk galaxy. Methods. Using a large set of HST imaging and spectroscopic data, we investigated the interstellar medium (ISM) structure and the dominant source of Lyα radiation inside Mrk 1486. Moreover, using a 3D Monte Carlo Lyα radiation transfer code, we studied the radiative transfer of Lyα and UV continuum photons inside a 3D geometry of neutral hydrogen (HI) and dust that models the ISM structure at the galaxy center. Our numerical simulations predicted the Lyα line profile that we then compared to the one observed in the HST/COS spectrum of Mrk 1486. Results. While a pronounced Lyα absorption line emerges from the disk of Mrk 1486, very extended Lyα structures are observed at large radii from the galaxy center: a large Lyα-halo and two very bright Lyα regions located slightly above and below the disk plane. The analysis of IFU Hα spectroscopic data of Mrk 1486 indicates the presence of two bipolar outflowing halos of HI gas at the same location as these two bright Lyα regions. Comparing different diagnostic diagrams (such as [OIII] 5007 /Hβ versus [OI] 6300 /Hα) to photo-and shock-ionization models, we find that the Lyα production of Mrk 1486 is dominated by photoionization inside the galaxy disk. From this perspective, our numerical simulations succeed in reproducing the strength and shape of the observed Lyα emission line of Mrk 1486 by assuming a scenario in which the Lyα photons are produced inside the galaxy disk, travel along the outflowing halos, and scatter on cool HI materials toward the observer. Conclusions. Extended bipolar galactic winds are frequently observed from star-forming disk galaxies. Given the advantage Lyα photons take of such outflowing HI materials to easily escape from Mrk 1486, this mechanism may explain the origin of strong Lyα emission lines frequently observed from highly inclined galaxies at high-redshift. This therefore challenges the robustness of the expected viewing-angle effect on the Lyα properties of star-forming disk galaxies.

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“…8 Kewley et al (2001; which represents the theoretical maximum line ratios possible by pure photoionization) and the shock-ionization models of Allen et al (2008). In Fig.…”

Section: Dominant Source Of Lyα Photonsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The thick black zone represents the model grids for the SMC abundance, and the thin gray zone corresponds to the grids for the LMC abundance. The blue dashed line represents the Kewley et al (2001) starburst/AGN classification line (i.e. the maximum line ratios possible by pure star-forming photoionization).…”

Section: Dominant Source Of Lyα Photonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lyman alpha reference sample

Duval

Östlin

Hayes

et al. 2016

A&A

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“…We consider two separating criteria. The first is from Kewley et al (2001) who used a combination of population synthesis models and photoionization models to produce a theoretical upper limit that separates starbursts and AGN-dominated galaxies (Ke01; black line). Kauffmann et al (2003a) modified this limit by including composite galaxies which contain significant contribution from both star formation and AGN (Ka03; grey line).…”

Section: Emission Line Gas Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of ongoing AGN-driven feedback in a quiescent post-starburst E+A galaxy

Baron

Netzer

Poznanski

et al. 2017

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Post starburst E+A galaxies are thought to have experienced a significant starburst that was quenched abruptly. Their disturbed, bulge-dominated morphologies suggest that they are merger remnants. We present ESI/Keck observations of SDSS J132401.63+454620.6, a post starburst galaxy at redshift z = 0.125, with a starburst that started 400 Myr ago, and other properties, like star formation rate (SFR) consistent with what is measured in ultra luminous infrared galaxies (ULRIGs). The galaxy shows both zero velocity narrow lines, and blueshifted broader Balmer and forbidden emission lines (FWHM=1350 ± 240 km s −1 ). The narrow component is consistent with LINER-like emission, and the broader component with Seyfert-like emission, both photoionized by an active galactic nucleus (AGN) whose properties we measure and model. The velocity dispersion of the broad component exceeds the escape velocity, and we estimate the mass outflow rate to be in the range 4-120 M /yr. This is the first reported case of AGN-driven outflows, traced by ionized gas, in post starburst E+A galaxies. We show, by ways of a simple model, that the observed AGN-driven winds can consistently evolve a ULIRG into the observed galaxy. Our findings reinforce the evolutionary scenario where the more massive ULIRGs are quenched by negative AGN feedback, evolve first to post starburst galaxies, and later become typical red and dead ellipticals.

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“…Ho et al 1993a;Groves et al 2004), and then select the metallicity and ionization parameter values which produce the best correspondence between the theoretical and observed mixing sequence for each galaxy. It is important to note that the metallicity and ionization parameter are degenerate quantities, such that a more enriched, higher ionization model can produce the same line ratios as a more pristine, lower ionization model (Kewley et al 2001(Kewley et al , 2013a. Detailed diagnostics employing a larger range of emission lines are required in order to discriminate between these degenerate scenarios.…”

Section: Constraints On Model Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starburst–AGN mixing – II. Optically selected active galaxies

Davies

Kewley

et al. 2014

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We use 4 galaxies from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey with clear signs of accretion onto supermassive black holes to investigate the relative contribution of star-formation and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity to the lineemission of each galaxy as a function of radius. The combination of star-formation and AGN activity produces curved "mixing sequences" on standard optical diagnostic diagrams, and the fraction of emission due to AGN activity decreases smoothly with distance from the centre of the galaxy. We use the AGN activity profiles to calculate the size of the AGN narrow line regions, which have radii of ∼ 6.3 kpc. We calculate the fractional contribution of the star-formation and the AGN activity to the global Hα, [O II] λλ 3727,3729 and [O III] λ 5007 luminosities of each galaxy, and show that both ionization sources contribute significantly to the emission in all three lines. We use weighted combinations of stellar and AGN photoionization models to produce mixing models, which are consistent with observations for 85 percent of spaxels across the galaxies in our sample. We also present a new diagnostic for starburst-AGN mixing which requires only the [O II], [O III] and Hβ emission lines, and can therefore be used to calculate AGN fractions up to z ∼ 0.85 in the optical and z ∼ 3.5 in the nearinfrared. We anticipate that this diagnostic will facilitate studies of the properties of AGN ionizing radiation fields and the relative optical contribution of star-formation and AGN activity over cosmic time.

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Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies

Cited by 2,539 publications

References 50 publications

The Lyman alpha reference sample

The Lyman alpha reference sample

Evidence of ongoing AGN-driven feedback in a quiescent post-starburst E+A galaxy

Starburst–AGN mixing – II. Optically selected active galaxies

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