“…Except for the Fe-C(O) distances the differences between the DFT and experimental estimates are less than 2%. Our Fe-C(diene) bond distances of complexes 1 and 3 calculated at B3LYP/6-311+G * level are found to agree within less than 0.01 Å with the corresponding values of Ariafard and Lin calculated at B3LYP level with the basis set of double-zeta quality augmented with a set of polarization functions [14]. The experimentally observed reverse ordering of bond lengths within the diene coordinated to Fe(CO) 3 (the central bond being shorter than the two peripheral bonds) with respect to free tropone is uniformly reproduced by both of the theoretical approaches.…”
Section: Theoretical Results On Tricarbonyl(g 4 -Tropone)iron Complexessupporting
“…The relative energies of the regioisomers 1a,b and 3a,b (Chart 1) and transition structures connecting these regioisomeric forms were computed by Ariafard and Lin at the DFT level [14]. They found the regioisomeric form 1a and 3a with the methyl-substituted carbon outside the coordination sphere of iron to be more stable by 15.1 kJ mol À1 and 12.1 kJ mol À1 , respectively, than the regioisomeric forms 1b and 3b with the methyl-substituted carbon within the iron coordination sphere.…”
“…Except for the Fe-C(O) distances the differences between the DFT and experimental estimates are less than 2%. Our Fe-C(diene) bond distances of complexes 1 and 3 calculated at B3LYP/6-311+G * level are found to agree within less than 0.01 Å with the corresponding values of Ariafard and Lin calculated at B3LYP level with the basis set of double-zeta quality augmented with a set of polarization functions [14]. The experimentally observed reverse ordering of bond lengths within the diene coordinated to Fe(CO) 3 (the central bond being shorter than the two peripheral bonds) with respect to free tropone is uniformly reproduced by both of the theoretical approaches.…”
Section: Theoretical Results On Tricarbonyl(g 4 -Tropone)iron Complexessupporting
“…The relative energies of the regioisomers 1a,b and 3a,b (Chart 1) and transition structures connecting these regioisomeric forms were computed by Ariafard and Lin at the DFT level [14]. They found the regioisomeric form 1a and 3a with the methyl-substituted carbon outside the coordination sphere of iron to be more stable by 15.1 kJ mol À1 and 12.1 kJ mol À1 , respectively, than the regioisomeric forms 1b and 3b with the methyl-substituted carbon within the iron coordination sphere.…”
“…NICS(1)/ppm values of 1-hydroxy-4,5-benzotropylium with no substituents [i.e., 4 (R = H)] calculated at the GIAO-B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)//ωB97XD/6-31G(d,p) level were −6.55 and −12.11 for rings A and B, respectively (Figure d). The diatropicity of heptagonal ring A was significantly increased compared to the parent 4,5-benzotropone (−1.06), , as was reported for the corresponding tropone/hydroxytropylium system. , The contribution of 4B was also supported by anisotropy of induced current density (AICD) calculations for 4 (R = H), in which a diatropic ring current originating from a 10π macrocyclic system was observed (Figure b). In contrast, the AICD plot for 3 (R = H) revealed that a strong diatropic ring current was observed only in the fused benzene ring (ring B), while the seven-membered ring possesses a more polyenic character (Figure a).…”
Section: Synthesis Of 1-hydroxy-45-arene-fused
Tropyliumssupporting
The properties of 1-hydroxy-4,5-arene-fused
tropyliums were assessed
based on experimental and theoretical investigations. An X-ray crystallographic
analysis revealed a decrease of bond alternation in the seven-membered
ring of 1-hydroxy-4,5-benzotropylium derivatives compared with that
of the parent 4,5-benzotropones, which is indicative of an increase
in aromaticity upon protonation. NICS and AICD calculations also supported
the increased aromaticity of 1-hydroxy-4,5-arene-fused tropylium.
The pK
a values for a series of 1-hydroxy-4,5-arene-fused
tropylium derivatives were also determined.
“…Specifically, we studied the catalytic cycles for [Ni(IPr) 2 ]-catalyzed cycloaddition of nona-2,7-diyne and tropone with DFT calculations . Homocoupling, where two alkynes undergo initial oxidative coupling, and heterocoupling, where an alkyne and the tropone undergo initial oxidative coupling, were both investigated.…”
A Ni/N-heterocyclic
carbene catalyst couples diynes to the C(α)–C(β)
double bond of tropone, a type of reaction that is unprecedented for
metal-catalyzed cycloadditions with aromatic tropone. Many different
diynes were efficiently coupled to afford [5–6–7] fused
tricyclic products, while [5–7–6] fused tricyclic compounds
were obtained as minor byproducts in a few cases. The reaction has
broad substrate scope and tolerates a wide range of functional groups,
and excellent regioselectivity is found with unsymmetrical diynes.
Theoretical calculations show that the apparent enone cycloaddition
occurs through a distinctive 8π insertion of tropone. The initial
intramolecular oxidative cyclization of diyne produces the nickelacyclopentadiene
intermediate. This intermediate undergoes an 8π insertion of
tropone, and subsequent reductive elimination generates the [5–6–7]
fused tricyclic product. This initial product undergoes two competing
isomerizations, leading to the observed [5–6–7] and
[5–7–6] fused tricyclic products.
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