Theoretical study of visible light refraction phenomena occurring at noble metal–air interfaces

Zang, Yang; Chen, Jiangwei; He, Shenyan

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2015.04.032

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This leads to accumulation of heat over the hot spot and formation of a hot region with a peak temperature of 36.5 °C above the hot spot. The surface of the Galinstan droplet is shiny and reflects the infrared radiation 45 and therefore is seen as a cavity. In contrast, after actuating the liquid metal droplet, forced convection becomes the dominant mode of heat transfer within the cooling system.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Liquid Cooling System Based on Galinstan Liquid Metal Droplets

Zhu

Tang

Khoshmanesh

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

128

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The continued miniaturization of electronic components demands integrated liquid cooling systems with minimized external connections and fabrication costs that can be implanted very close to localized hot spots. This might be challenging for existing liquid cooling systems because most of them rely on external pumps, connecting tubes, and microfabricated heat sinks. Here, we demonstrate an integrated liquid cooling system by utilizing a small droplet of liquid metal Galinstan, which is placed over the hot spot. Energizing the liquid metal droplet with a square wave signal creates a surface tension gradient across the droplet, which induces Marangoni flow over the surface of droplet. This produces a high flow rate of coolant medium through the cooling channel, enabling a "soft" pump. At the same time, the high thermal conductivity of liquid metal extends the heat transfer surface and facilitates the dissipation of heat, enabling a "soft" heat sink. This facilitates the rapid cooling of localized hot spots, as demonstrated in our experiments. Our technology facilitates customized liquid cooling systems with simple fabrication and assembling processes, with no moving parts that can achieve high flow rates with low power consumption.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Liquid Cooling System Based on Galinstan Liquid Metal Droplets

Zhu

Tang

Khoshmanesh

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

128

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show abstract

“…the expression for H 0 , as given by ( 8), in (10) and using the transverse condition for the electric field, one obtains the dispersion equation for the waves, which is the condition for the existence of non-zero solutions of the homogeneous Maxwell equations,…”

Section: Plane Waves In Lossless and Lossy Media: Dispersion Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most elementary scattering problem involving electromagnetic waves is that of refraction by a plane interface separating two dielectric media with distinct electrical and/or magnetic properties [1,2,3]. One can study more complex problems by considering that one or both media are dissipative [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] and/or dispersive [12] and generalize for multiple media transmission [13,14]. Frezza et al [5] investigate the transmission of a plane wave between two lossy media and show the absence of total-reflection in these systems, whereas Kim et al [7] considered the transmission of light from a transparent medium onto an absorbing substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fresnel polarisation of infra-red radiation by elemental bismuth

Alexandre,

Martins,

Santos

et al. 2019

Preprint

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We revisit the classical problem of electromagnetic wave refraction from a lossless dielectric to a lossy conductor, where both media are considered to be nonmagnetic, linear, isotropic and homogeneous. We derive the Fresnel coefficients of the system and the Poynting vectors at the interface, so as to compute the reflectance and transmittance of the system. We use a particular parametrisation of the referred Fresnel coefficients so as to make a connection with the ones obtained for refraction by an interface between two lossless media. This analysis allows the discussion of an actual application, namely the Fresnel polarisation of infra-red radiation by elemental Bismuth, based on the concept of pseudo Brewster's angle.

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“…[8][9][10] Other generalized versions of the Snell's laws are based on complex or real valued boundary conditions, and quite different results are obtained. [11][12][13][14][15] Moreover, the experimental verification is extremely difficult because the associated heavy absorption results in opacity and a very short penetration depth. Chen's group carried out a series of experiments to measure the light refraction at a pure Ag/air or Au/air interface, and a negative refraction effect was observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss induced negative refraction and super-prism effect at highly absorptive interface*

Wu¹,

Wang²,

Hou³

et al. 2019

Chinese Phys. B

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It is well-established that waves are inhomogeneous in a lossy isotropic medium, and the validation of the classical Snell's law is still questionable for light refraction at the dissipative and dispersive interface. With high absorption, direct experimental investigation is rather difficult due to the extremely short penetration depth; i.e., the skin depth. In this paper, a simple and unified description of this issue is proposed, which can be applied to both materials with anomalous dispersion and in the Drude region. The gradient ∇ k ω is found to be incident angle θ i-dependent, and the direction of the group velocity may deviate significantly from the phase velocity due to the loss induced permittivity structure. The physics behind the negative refraction effect is explained, and a novel loss induced super-prism effect is also predicted.

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Theoretical study of visible light refraction phenomena occurring at noble metal–air interfaces

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

An Integrated Liquid Cooling System Based on Galinstan Liquid Metal Droplets

An Integrated Liquid Cooling System Based on Galinstan Liquid Metal Droplets

Fresnel polarisation of infra-red radiation by elemental bismuth

Loss induced negative refraction and super-prism effect at highly absorptive interface*

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