Dinitrogen
fixation under ambient conditions remains a challenge
in the field of catalytic chemistry due to the inertness of N2. Nitrogenases and heterogeneous solid catalysts have displayed
remarkable performance in the catalytic conversion of dinitrogen to
ammonia. By introduction of molybdenum centers in molecular complexes,
one of the most azophilic metals of the transitional metal series,
moderate ammonia yields have been attained. Here, we present a combined
multiconfigurational/density functional theory study that addresses
how ligand fields of different strengths affect the binding and activation
of dinitrogen on molybdenum atoms. First, we explored with MRCI computations
the diatomic Mo–N and triatomic Mo–N2 molecular
systems. Then, we performed a systematic examination on the stabilization
effects introduced by external NH3 ligands, before we explore
model neutral and charged complexes with different types of ligands
(H2O, NH3, and PH3) and their consequences
on the N2 binding and activation.