Theories, Applications, and Expectations for Magnetic Anomaly Detection Technology: A Review

Liu, Huan; Zhang, Xinglin; Dong, Haobin; Liu, Zheng

doi:10.1109/jsen.2023.3294498

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 147 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…When a ferromagnetic object is present, the local Earth magnetic field is disturbed to some degree, which is called a magnetic anomaly. Magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) is a sophisticated technique widely employed to locate a magnetic target hidden in a complex environment [1][2][3][4]. Typical applications of MAD include the identification of unexploded ordnance (UXO) [5,6], landmines [7,8], ships and submarines [9,10], archaeology [11], traffic surveillance [12,13], and magnetic tracers in biomedicine [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Basis Function Method for the Detection of an Undersurface Magnetic Anomaly Target

Liu,

Yuan,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The orthogonal basis functions (OBFs) method is a prevailing choice for the detection of undersurface magnetic anomaly targets. However, it requires the detecting platform or target to move uniformly along a straight path. To circumvent the restrictions, a new adaptive basis functions (ABFs) approach is proposed in this article. It permits the detection platform to search for a possible target at different speeds along any course. The ABFs are constructed using the real-time data of the onboard triaxial fluxgate, GPS module, and attitude gyro. Based on the pseudo-energy of an apparent target signal, the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) method is employed to judge whether a target is present. Moreover, by defining the pixel as a relative possibility for a target at a geographic location, a magnetic anomaly target imaging scheme is introduced by displaying the pixels onto the searching area. On-site experimental data are utilized to demonstrate the proposed approach. Compared with the traditional OBFs method, the present ABFs approach can substantially improve the detection possibility and reduce false alarms.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Basis Function Method for the Detection of an Undersurface Magnetic Anomaly Target

Liu,

Yuan,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to its all-weather, low-cost, and concealment, it is widely used in military and civilian fields such as unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection [3][4][5], underwater target detection [6,7], mineral exploration [8], industrial nondestructive testing, and biomedicine [9]. Over several years of development, MAD technology has gone through three stages [10]: total magnetic intensity (TMI) detection, magnetic field vector and gradient detection, and magnetic gradient tensor (MGT) detection. Compared with TMI and magnetic field vector detection, MGT detection overcomes the influence of the geomagnetic field, provides more abundant target information, and has higher resolution [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Design and Parameter Optimization of Magnetic Gradient Tensor Measurement System

Liu,

Zhang,

Liu

2024

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) technology based on the magnetic gradient tensor (MGT) has broad application prospects in fields such as unexploded ordnance detection and mineral exploration. The difference approximation method currently employed in the MGT measurement system introduces measurement errors. Designing reasonable geometric structures and configuring optimal structural parameters can effectively reduce measurement errors. Based on research into differential MGT measurement, this paper proposes three simplified planar MGT measurement structures and provides the differential measurement matrix. The factors that affect the design of the baseline distance of the MGT measurement system are also theoretically analyzed. Then, using the magnetic dipole model, the error analysis of the MGT measurement structures is carried out. The results demonstrate that the planar cross-shaped structure is optimal, with the smallest measurement error, only 3.15 × 10−10 T/m. Furthermore, employing the control variable method, the impact of sensor resolution constraints, noise level, target magnetic moment, and detection distance on the design of the optimal baseline distance of the MGT measurement system is simulated and verified. The results indicate that the smaller the target magnetic moment, the farther the detection distance, the lower the magnetometer resolution, the greater the noise, and the greater the baseline distance required. These conclusions provide reference and guidance for the construction of the MGT measurement system based on triaxial magnetometers.

show abstract

3D inversion of magnetic gradient data based on equivalent source weighting method

Huang,

Qiu,

et al. 2024

AIP Advances

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

3D magnetic inversion is an important method for detecting underwater or underground magnetic objects, which can obtain the physical parameters and geometric features of the target. In order to solve the problem of smooth inversion results of L2 norm regularization, this paper proposes a three-dimensional inversion method of magnetic gradient data based on equivalent source weighting. First, the center position of the magnetic object is estimated using the correlation imaging method, and then the equivalent source weighting function is constructed based on the acquired center position. The weights are calculated according to the distance from the grid to the center of the magnetic object. The further away the grid is, the higher weight will be given. The Euclidean distance and Chebyshev distance are used for calculating the weights of grids. Finally, the equivalent source weighting function is added to the total objective function and solved by conjugate gradient method. Simulation experiments show that the equivalent source weighting function can reduce the root-mean-square error of the inversion results and improve the structural similarity. Compared with the Euclidean distance, the inversion result of the edges and corners of cubic magnetic body model is better when weighted with the Chebyshev distance. The proposed method does not require iterative solving and can avoid generating too smooth results, which improves the inversion accuracy.

show abstract

Theories, Applications, and Expectations for Magnetic Anomaly Detection Technology: A Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 147 publications

Adaptive Basis Function Method for the Detection of an Undersurface Magnetic Anomaly Target

Adaptive Basis Function Method for the Detection of an Undersurface Magnetic Anomaly Target

Structural Design and Parameter Optimization of Magnetic Gradient Tensor Measurement System

3D inversion of magnetic gradient data based on equivalent source weighting method

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About